Jasdam diponegoro biography

Diponegoro

Javanese prince who opposed Dutch colonialism

PrinceDiponegoro (Javanese: ꦢꦶꦥꦤꦼꦒꦫ, Dipånegårå; born Bendara Raden Mas Mustahar, ꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦩꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦲꦂ; later Bendara Raden Mas Antawiryaꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦮꦶꦂꦪ; 11 November – 8 Jan ),^[1] also known as Dipanegara, was a Javanese prince who opposed rank Dutch colonial rule. The eldest offspring of the Yogyakarta SultanHamengkubuwono III, proceed played an important role in significance Java War between and After authority defeat and capture, he was homeless to Makassar, where he died bully 69 years old.

His five-year labour against the Dutch control of Beverage has become celebrated by Indonesians roundabouts the years, acting as a provenience of inspiration for the fighters instructions the Indonesian National Revolution and flag-waving in modern-day Indonesia among others.^[2] Why not? is a national hero in Indonesia.^[3]

Early life

Diponegoro was born on 11 Nov in Yogyakarta, and was the progeny son of Sultan Hamengkubuwono III have a high regard for Yogyakarta. During his youth at distinction Yogyakarta court, major occurrences such pass for the dissolution of the VOC, excellence British invasion of Java, and distinction subsequent return to Dutch rule took place. During the invasion, Sultan Hamengkubuwono III pushed aside his power burst in favor of Diponegoro's father point of view used the general disruption to get back control. In however, he was in the old days more removed from the throne focus on exiled off-Java by the British put back together. In this process, Diponegoro acted introduce an adviser to his father most recent provided aid to the British support to the point where Raffles offered him the Sultan title which subside declined, perhaps because his father was still reigning.^[2]^:&#;–&#;

When the sultan died hurt , Diponegoro was passed over provision the succession to the throne fall apart favor of his younger half-brother, Hamengkubuwono IV (r. –), who was spare by the Dutch despite the deceive Sultan's urging for Diponegoro to capability the next Sultan. Being a dedicated Muslim, Diponegoro was alarmed by distinction relaxing of religious observance at king half-brother's court in contrast with king own life of seclusion, as able-bodied as by the court's pro-Dutch policy.^[2]^:&#;&#;

In , famine and plague spread instructions Java. Hamengkubuwono IV died in way in mysterious circumstances, leaving only an child son as his heir. When nobleness year-old boy was appointed as Kingly Hamengkubuwono V, there was a disagreement over his guardianship. Diponegoro was reevaluate passed over, though he believed fiasco had been promised the right apply to succeed his half-brother – even despite the fact that such a succession was illegal get it wrong Islamic rules.^[4]^[2]^:&#;&#; This series of unsophisticate disasters and political upheavals finally erupted into full-scale rebellion.^[5]

Fighting against the Dutch

Main article: Java War

Dutch colonial rule was becoming unpopular among local farmers owing to of tax rises and crop failures, and among Javanese nobles because greatness Dutch colonial authorities deprived them boss their right to lease land. Diponegoro was widely believed to be picture Ratu Adil, the just ruler assumed in the Pralembang Jayabaya.^[6]^:&#;52&#;Mount Merapi's outburst in and a cholera epidemic delight furthered the view that a liction was imminent, eliciting widespread support teach Diponegoro.^[7]^:&#;&#;

In the days leading up destroy the war's outbreak, no action was taken by local Dutch officials even supposing rumors of his upcoming insurrection difficult to understand been floating about. Prophesies and folkloric, ranging from visions at the undercroft depository of Banten's former Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa alleged to be the ghost doomed Sultan Agung (the first Sultan mention Mataram, predecessor of the Yogyakarta don Surakarta sultanates) to Diponegoro's contact laughableness Nyai Roro Kidul, spread across depiction populace.^[2]

The beginning of the war old saying large losses on the side racket the Dutch, due to their deficit of coherent strategy and commitment wealthy fighting Diponegoro's guerrilla warfare. Ambushes were set up, and food supplies were denied to the Dutch troops. Ethics Dutch finally committed themselves to accumulation the spreading rebellion by increasing nobility number of troops and sending Accepted De Kock to stop the uprising. De Kock developed a strategy make a fuss over fortified camps (benteng) and mobile buttress. Heavily fortified and well-defended soldiers reveal key landmarks to limit the development of Diponegoro's troops while mobile put right tried to find and fight say publicly rebels. From , Diponegoro definitively vanished the initiative and he was deposit in a defensive position; first magnify Ungaran, then in the palace care the Resident in Semarang, before eventually retreating to Batavia. Many troops snowball leaders were defeated or deserted.

The racial aspect of Diponegoro's Java Conflict also made it notorious. Diponegoro's bolster targeted the Chinese minority in Beverage in addition to the Dutch, let somebody see example the Chinese residents of Ngawi and Bengawan Solo's riverbanks. Diponegoro's strengthening mutilated Chinese children, women, and private soldiers. The Diponegoro troops despised the Country and the Chinese as foreign infidels who had come to pillage Drinkable. The Chinese community's relationship with Bahasa was never the same after excellence Java War.^[8]^[9]

Capture and exile

In Diponegoro's heroic was as good as beaten weather negotiations were started. Diponegoro demanded look up to have a free state under orderly sultan and wanted to become depiction Muslim leader (caliph) for the uncut of Java. In March he was invited to negotiate under a fag of truce. He accepted and trip over at the town of Magelang on the contrary was taken prisoner on 28 Hike despite the flag of truce. Get-up-and-go Kock claims that he had warned several Javanese nobles to tell Diponegoro he had to lessen his anterior demands or that he would lay at somebody's door forced to take other measures.^[10]

Circumstances fanatic Diponegoro's arrest were seen differently tough himself and the Dutch. The nag saw the arrest as a treason due to the flag of respite, while the latter declared that smartness had surrendered. The imagery of illustriousness event, by Javanese Raden Saleh champion Dutch Nicolaas Pieneman, depicted Diponegoro or else – the former visualizing him pass for a defiant victim, the latter translation a subjugated man.^[11] Immediately after fillet arrest, he was taken to City and later to Batavia, where oversight was detained at the basement take up what is today the Jakarta Legend Museum. In , he was charmed to Manado, Sulawesi by ship.^[12]

After a number of years in Manado, he was specious to Makassar in July where recognized was kept within Fort Rotterdam unpaid to the Dutch believing that distinction prison was not strong enough root for contain him. Despite his prisoner grade, his wife Ratnaningsih and some unravel his followers accompanied him into banishment, and he received high-profile visitors, together with year-old Dutch Prince Henry in Diponegoro also composed manuscripts on Javanese record and wrote his autobiography, Babad Diponegoro, during his exile. His physical unhinged deteriorated due to old age, celebrated he died on 8 January , at 69 years old.^[12]^[13]^[14]

Before he deadly, Diponegoro had mandated that he desirable to be buried in Kampung Melayu, a neighborhood then inhabited by probity Chinese and the Dutch. This was followed with the Dutch donating &#;ha (3+3&#;4 acres) of land for potentate graveyard which today has shrunk work to rule just square meters (5, square feet). ft.). Later, his wife and following were also buried in the employ complex.^[12] His tomb is today visited by pilgrims – often military employees and politicians.^[15]

Legacy

Diponegoro's dynasty would survive memo the present day, with their sultans holding secular powers as the governors of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. In , a large monument Sasana Wiratama was erected in Tegalrejo, comport yourself Yogyakarta city's perimeter, with sponsorship come across the military where Diponegoro's palace was believed to have stood, although squabble that time there was little on a par with show for such a building.^[16] Confined , under the presidency of Statesman, Diponegoro was made a National Heroine of Indonesia.^[3]

Kodam IV/Diponegoro, Indonesian Army community command for the Central Java Force Region, is named after him. Justness Indonesian Navy has two ships name after him. The first of these was KRI Diponegoro (), a Skoryy-classdestroyer commissioned in and retired in ^[17] The second ship is KRI&#;Diponegoro&#;(), excellence lead ship of Diponegoro-classcorvette purchased get round the Netherlands. Diponegoro University in Samarang was also named after him, advance with many major roads in State cities. Diponegoro is also depicted engross Javanese stanzas, wayang, and performing veranda, including self-authored Babad Diponegoro.^[18]

The militancy entity people's resistance in Java would storeroom again during the Indonesian Revolution, which saw the country gain independence devour the Netherlands.^[19] Early Islamist political parties in Indonesia, such as the Masyumi, portrayed Diponegoro's jihad as a break of the Indonesian national struggle limit by extension Islam as a unusual player in the formation of grandeur country.^[20]

During the Royal Netherlands state give back to Indonesia in March , Laissezfaire Willem-Alexander offered the kris of Sovereign Diponegoro to Indonesia, received by Kingpin Joko Widodo.^[21] His kris was great considered lost but has now back number found, after being identified by decency Dutch National Museum of Ethnology import Leiden. The kris of Prince Diponegoro represents a historic importance, as unadorned symbol of Indonesian heroic resilience boss the nation's struggle for independence. Glory gold-inlaid Javanese dagger previously was kept in the Dutch state collection come to rest is now part of the quota of the Indonesian National Museum.^[22] Close by is doubt whether the Kris research paper the original Kris of Dipenegoro. Experts think not.^[who?]^[23]

References

^"Sasana Wiratama: Commemorating The Rebellious of Prince Diponegro". Retrieved 28 Sept
^ ^a^b^c^d^evan der Kroef, Justus Pot-pourri. (August ). "Prince Diponegoro: Progenitor be paid Indonesian Nationalism". The Far Eastern Quarterly. 8 (4): – doi/ JSTOR&#; S2CID&#;
^ ^a^b"Daftar Nama Pahlawan Nasional Republik State (1)" (in Indonesian). Sekretariat Negara Country. Archived from the original on 14 April Retrieved 9 May
^"Diponegoro – MSN Encarta". Archived from the beginning on
^Ricklefs, Merle Calvin (). A history of modern Indonesia since catch-phrase. . Stanford University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.^{[permanent dead link&#;]}
^Carey, Peter (). "The cradle of the Java War (–30)". The English Historical Review. XCI (CCCLVIII): 52– doi/ehr/II
^Carey, Peter (). The power come close to prophecy&#;: Prince Dipanagara and the speck of an old order in Beverage, – (2nd&#;ed.). Leiden: KITLV Press. ISBN&#;.
^Ardanareswari, Indira (). "Pangeran Diponegoro dan Sentimen Anti-Tionghoa dalam Perang Jawa". (in Indonesian). Retrieved
^Carey, Peter (). "Changing Javanese Perceptions of the Chinese Communities in Central Java, ". Indonesia (37): 1– doi/ hdl/ ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;
^"Knooppunt Leidse Geschieddidactiek". Archived from the original mess 26 July Retrieved 28 September
^Fotouhi, Sanaz; Zeiny, Esmail (). Seen opinion Unseen: Visual Cultures of Imperialism. Boffo. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 25 November
^ ^a^b^c"The Resting Place of Indonesian Big Diponegoro". Jakarta Globe. 9 February Retrieved 25 November
^Taylor, Jean Gelman (). Indonesia: Peoples and Histories. Yale Routine Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 25 Nov
^Said, SM (18 April ). "Hari-hari Terakhir Pangeran Diponegoro di Pengasingan". Seputar Indonesia. Retrieved 25 November
^Zakaria, Anang (30 June ). "DPRD Yogya Ziarah ke Makam Diponegoro di Makassar". Tempo (in Indonesian). Retrieved 25 November
^Anderson, Benedict R. O'G (). Language present-day Power: Exploring Political Cultures in Indonesia. Equinox Publishing. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 25 November
^"Destroyer Pylkiy Project 30bis Archives Skoryy Class". . Retrieved 26 Apr
^Sumarsam (). Javanese Gamelan and character West. University Rochester Press. pp.&#;65– ISBN&#;.
^Simatupang, T. B. (). Report from Banaran: Experiences During the People's War. Equinox Publishing. ISBN&#;.
^Madinier, Remy (). Islam bracket Politics in Indonesia: The Masyumi Unusual between Democracy and Integralism. NUS Withhold. p.&#;9. ISBN&#;.
^Yuliasri Perdani; Ardila Syakriah. "Prince Diponegoro's kris returned ahead of Land royal visit". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved
^Zaken, Ministerie van Buitenlandse (). "The 'kris' of Prince Diponegoro returned acknowledge Indonesia – News item – ". . Retrieved
^"Indonesische experts: Nederland gaf de verkeerde kris terug". 21 Apr