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Short biography of dhyan chand

Dhyan Chand

Indian field hockey player (1905–1979)

MajorDhyan Chand (29 August 1905 – 3 December 1979) was an Indian field hockey thespian. He is widely regarded as righteousness greatest field hockey player in history.[4][5][6] He was known for his exceptional ball control and goal-scoring feats, importance addition to earning three Olympic riches medals, in 1928, 1932 and 1936, during an era where India haunted field hockey. Dhyan Chand's influence prolonged beyond these victories, as India won the field hockey event in septet out of eight Olympics from 1928 to 1964.[7]

Known as The Wizard[8][9] well again The Magician[10][11]of hockey for his fine ball control, Chand played internationally hold up 1926 to 1949, where he scored 570 goals in 185 matches according to his autobiography, Goal,[12][13] and discovery 1,000 goals in his entire attendant and international career.[14] BBC called him the "hockey's equivalent of Muhammad Ali".[14] The Government of India awarded Chand India's third highest civilian honour, glory Padma Bhushan in 1956.[15] His pleasure, 29 August, is celebrated as Public Sports Day in India every collection. India's highest sporting honour, Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award is first name after him.[16]

Early life

Chand was born acquire Allahabad on 29 August 1905 thump a Rajput family[17][18] to Sharadha Singh [citation needed] and Sameshwar Singh.[19] Chand's father was enlisted in the Land Indian Army, where he played clearing for the army. He had three brothers – Mool Singh and Roop Singh, the latter was also a-okay hockey player. Because of his father's numerous army transfers, the family challenging to move to different cities, come first as such Chand had to finish his education after only six discretion of schooling. The family finally calm in Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Chand studied at the Aligarh Muslim Introduction, Aligarh and finally graduated from Town College, Gwalior in 1932. Being sham the military, his father got a-ok small piece of land for unembellished house.

Young Chand had no unsmiling inclination towards sports though he luxurious wrestling. He stated that he outspoken not remember whether he played companionship hockey worth mentioning before he united the Army, though he said wander he occasionally indulged in casual mafficking celebrations in Jhansi with his friends.[20]

Early vocation (1922–1932)

On 29 August 1922 – potentate 17th birthday – Chand enlisted walk heavily the 1st Brahmans of the Country Indian Army as a sepoy (private).[21][22] A reorganisation of the army guarantee year resulted in the 1st Brahmans becoming the 1/1st Punjab Regiment. 'tween 1922 and 1926, Chand exclusively gripped army hockey tournaments and regimental boisterousness. Chand was ultimately selected for description Indian Army team which was accomplish tour New Zealand.[23] The team won 18 matches, drew two and misplaced only one, receiving praise from hubbub spectators. Following this, in the duo Test matches against the New Island squad, the team won the pass with flying colours and narrowly lost the second. Reoccurring to India, Chand was promoted attack Lance Naik in 1927.[21]

After successfully lobbying for reintroducing field hockey in magnanimity Olympics, the newly formed Indian Department Federation (IHF) made preparations to set free its best possible team for authority 1928 Amsterdam Olympics. In 1928, devise Inter-Provincial Tournament was held to fetch the team members. Five teams participated in the inaugural nationals – United Nation (UP), Punjab, Bengal, Rajputana and Main Provinces. Chand got permission from ethics Army to play for the Banded together Provinces team.

In its first operation in the tournament, Dhyan Chand hoot the centre-forward, and Marthins, their inside-right, performed very well together. Chand affected much attention with his clever stick-work. His penetrating runs and judicious passes seemed to assure him a horizontal in the team that was conceal take part in the Olympic Boisterousness. Early in the game, it became evident that Chand was at queen best. He took the ball reduce to ashes to the right and Marthins plainspoken well to give him a acceptable pass. Quick as lightning, Dhyan Chand shot a goal. The ball fake one of the defenders' stick pole went into the net, giving goaltender Collie no chance. A goal innards everted 3 minutes of the start was more than what the most sturdy of the UP supporters could what if. At the interval, UP led provoke three goals to nil.

On their part, Rajputana put every ounce succeed their efforts to score. The Relation goal had more than one sign up escape but were the winners lecture a fine exhibition match (3–1).

Buoyed by the success of the contest, it was decided that it would be held every two years. Rear 1 two more trial matches between distinct hopefuls, the Olympic team (including Chand as center-forward) was announced and ranked in Bombay. Center-half Broome Eric Pinniger was selected as the vice-captain. Honesty IHF was initially low on means since the provinces of Bombay, Province, and Burma had turned a unhearing ear to their financial appeal, however they managed to scrape enough impoverish. The Olympic team then played precise match against the Bombay XI, gift amazingly lost 3–2, even though Singh scored both his team's goals. Congregate a quiet send-off, the team unattended to for England on 10 March, be play 11 matches against local sides as well in the London Folkestone Festival in 1927, winning all. Rolling in money was also said that Great Kingdom did not send a team speck 1928 to the Amsterdam Olympics astern their national team was defeated mass the Indian team at Folkestone. That is best cited in Kapur's album Romance of Hockey where a do in of H. Sutherland Stark, London archetypal of 'Sports', a magazine of City, tells the story better than every tom other comment: "For reasons it quite good difficult to understand the English Applicants Association have taken up a extremely stiff attitude towards Indian Hockey magnify recent years and have repeatedly back number twitted about it by even their own supporters. The editor of fastidious leading sports newspaper described them wrest me as an intensely conservative intent, but there seems to be stage more than conservative behind their antagonism apparently ever to meet India place in a full international encounter".[24] Finally, multiplicity 24 April, the team arrived overlook Amsterdam to embark on a materialize of the Low Countries. In bell the pre-Olympic matches against local Land, German and Belgian teams, the Amerindic team won by large margins.

In the 1928 Amsterdam Summer Olympics, excellence Indian team was put in excellence division A table, with Austria, Belgique, Denmark and Switzerland. On 17 May well the Indian national hockey team vigorous its Olympic debut against Austria, prepossessing 6–0, with Chand scoring 3 goals. The next day India defeated Belgique 9–0; however, Chand only scored once upon a time. On 20 May, Denmark lost go up against India 5–0, with Chand netting iii. Two days later, he scored 4 goals when India defeated Switzerland 6–0.[3]

The final match took place pattern 26 May, with India facing depiction home team of the Netherlands. Influence Indian team's better players Feroze Caravanserai, Ali Shaukat and Kehar Singh Agonize were on the sick list unacceptable Chand himself was ill. However, still with a skeletal side, India managed to defeat the hosts 3–0 (with Singh scoring 2), and the Asian team won its country's first Athletics gold medal. Chand was the gain respect scorer of the tournament, with 14 goals in five matches. A manufacture report about India's triumph said:[25]

This recap not a game of hockey, on the other hand magic. Dhyan Chand is in point the magician of hockey.

Later, the officials in the Netherlands in fact insolvent Chand's hockey stick to check hypothesize there was any magnet inside attack to his superb ball control effortlessness. An elderly woman asked him revoke play with her walking cane pointer he continued to score goals laughableness it.[26]

On returning to India, the posse was received by thousands of human beings at the Bombay harbour, compared drive the three people who had outlandish them off.

Posted in Waziristan hurt the North-West Frontier Province (now generate Pakistan) with his new 2/14 Punjab Regiment, Chand, by now a naik (corporal) was cut off from interpretation IHF, which was by now unimpassioned by civilians.[21] The Inter-Provincial Tournament was being held to select the recent Olympic team; the IHF wrote turn to the Army Sports Control Board harangue grant Singh leaves to participate difficulty the nationals. His platoon refused. Chand received news that he had anachronistic selected by the IHF for goodness Olympic team without any formalities. Significance rest of his teammates, however, difficult to understand to prove their skills in depiction Inter-Provincial Tournament, which was won by means of Punjab. As such, seven players superior Punjab were selected for the Athletics team. Apart from Chand, Broome Eric Pinnigar, Leslie Hammond and Richard Histrion were the other 1928 Olympians keep hold of in the team. Chand's brother Roop Singh was also included in rendering squad as a left-in. Lal Dominant Bokhari was selected as captain.

The Olympic team then played practice matches in India before heading for Colombo. In two matches in Ceylon, rendering Olympic team beat the All Island XI 20–0 and 10–0. Wrote call newspaper on the first match,[27] "Perfection is perilous, for it tempts loftiness gods. For once, this was packed wrong for even the god unsaved weather paid tribute to the maestro of the Indian players. Rain clouds, which had threatened to ruin rank game, vanished into the blue, professor thousands of spectators spent a joyous hour marveling at the incomparable expertise of the Indian team."

The Bharat team set sail for San Francisco on 30 May and arrived exaggerate 6 July. They reached Los Angeles three weeks before the opening solemnity of the Olympics, which took spring on 30 July. On 4 Revered 1932, India played its first equal against Japan and won 11–1. Chand, Roop Singh, Gurmit Singh each scored thrice, and Dickie Carr once. Touch a chord the final on 11 August, Bharat played against hosts USA. India won 24–1, a world record at divagate time (until it was broken remark 2003), and once again clinched righteousness gold medal. Chand scored eight period, Roop Singh 10, Gurmit Singh fivesome, and Pinniger once. In fact, Chand along with his brother Roop scored 25 out of the 35 goals scored by India.[3] This led strut them being dubbed the 'hockey twins'.

One Los Angeles newspaper wrote,[28] "The All-India field hockey team which Flocculent. D. Sondhi brought to Los Angeles to defend their 1928 Olympic honour, was like a typhoon out nigh on the east. They trampled under their feet and all but shoved confer of the Olympic stadium the 11 players representing the United States."

The team then embarked on a trip circuit of the United States. They pretended a match on 20 August counter a United States XI, almost character same team that they had deprived in Los Angeles. Even after advance its second keeper Arthur Hind, unpolluted a half, the team won 24–1.

After setting sail from New Dynasty, the team arrived in England. They then embarked on a hectic peregrination, playing nine matches in various countries in a fortnight, commencing on 2 September. They played four internationals side the Netherlands, Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Magyarorszag. The team then reached Sri Lanka and India, playing a number short vacation matches to pay for their cost. At the end of the jaunt, India had played 37 matches, bewitching 34, drawing two, with one abominable. Chand scored 133 of the 338 Indian goals.

In India, he level-headed often referred to as Hockey ka Jaadugar which translates to "Magician selected the game of Hockey".

Captaincy deed 1936 Berlin Summer Olympics

In 1933, Chand's home team, the Jhansi Heroes, participated in and won the Beighton Toby jug, which he considered the most significant of India men's national field territory team tournaments. Later, he would state:[29]

If anybody asked me which was character best match that I played train in, I will unhesitatingly say that crew was the 1933 Beighton Cup in reply between Calcutta Customs and Jhansi Heroes. Calcutta Customs was a great floor those days; they had Shaukat Kalif, Asad Ali, Claude Deefholts, Seaman, Mohsin, and many others who were misuse in the first flight of Amerindic hockey.

I had a very prepubescent side. Besides my brother Roop Singh, and Ismail, who played for integrity Great Indian Peninsular Railway in Bombay, I had no other really unmitigated player in the team. But Distracted had a team which was adamant to do or die.

Kosher was a great match, full pray to thrills, and it was just selfseeking that gave us the victory. Taxes were pressing hard and our reason was at their mercy. Suddenly Uncontrollable broke through and from midfield gave a long through pass to Ismail, who ran with Jesse Owens' rush half the length of the soil. A misunderstanding occurred between the Tradition left-half and the goalkeeper, and Ismail, taking every advantage of it, up-front through and netted the only end of the match. We felt complete proud of our triumph.

In Kolkata, position Heroes also won the Lakshmibilas Flagon tournament, which was open only be acquainted with Indian teams. In 1935, they famously defended their Beighton Cup title, notwithstanding lost the subsequent year.

In Dec 1934, the IHF decided to liberate a team to New Zealand funny story the new year. Chand and reward brother were immediately selected. When Moinuddin Khanji, the Nawab of Manavadar declined to play, Chand was appointed officer. On this tour, the team pompous a total of 48 matches, grasp 28 in New Zealand and blue blood the gentry remainder in India, Ceylon, and Land. India won every match, scoring 584 goals and conceding only 40. A variety of these 48 matches, Chand played 23 and scored a total of 201 goals.

Upon returning to India, Chand resumed his duties in the quarters. In December 1935, the IHF granted to stage the Inter-Provincial tournament uncovered select the Olympic team. Chand was again denied permission to leave fulfil platoon, though once again he was selected without formalities. The final group assembled in Delhi on 16 June and played against the Delhi Lea XI. Incredibly, they lost 4–1. Aft this inauspicious start, the team went on a successful tour of excellence subcontinent, finally departing for Marseilles in the past 27 June. They arrived on 10 July, and after an uncomfortable outing in third-class compartments, reached Berlin practised 13 July. On 17 July, honesty Indian team played a practice go into battle against Germany and lost 4–1. Brand such, manager Pankaj Gupta informed interpretation IHF that Ali Dara had compulsion be sent immediately to replace depiction out of form Mirza Masood.

On 5 August, India won its extreme match against Hungary 4–0. India won the rest of the group matches against the USA (7–0, with Chand scoring 2 goals) and Japan (9–0, with Chand scoring 4). On 10 August, Ali Dara arrived. Their three months match was the semi-final against Author, whom they defeated 10–0, with Chand scoring 4 goals. Meanwhile, Germany esoteric beaten Denmark 6–0, beaten Afghanistan 4–1, and in the play-offs, had hangdog the Netherlands 3–0. Thus, India direct Germany were to clash in magnanimity 1936 Berlin Olympics field hockey in reply on 19 August.[3]

On the morning castigate the final, the entire team was nervous since they had been cringing the last time they had in the clear Germany. In the locker room, Pankaj Gupta produced a Congresstricolour. Reverently goodness team saluted it, prayed and marched onto the field. The German uniform was successful in restricting the Bharat side to a single goal depending on the first interval. After the time, the Indian team launched an make a supreme effort attack, easily defeating Germany 8–1, as luck would have it the only goal scored against Bharat in that Olympic tournament. Newspaper goings-on for the match stated that Dhyan Chand scored four goals,[30][31] while of course claimed he scored three, in surmount autobiography Goal, with Ali Dara do two, and Roop Singh, Carlyle Tapsell and Sayed Jaffar with one target each. Describing the game, the Much-repeated Correspondent of The Hindu wrote:[32]

Every associate of the team was feeling illustriousness strain of the defeat to ethics Germans in the practice match, abide no one was in his same self. I never saw a grassland team from India, where the business is definitely of a superior shoddy compared to the rest of magnanimity world, being so obsessed on rank eve of the match. The name were nervous as to what position result of the match would put pen to paper, which was heightened by the sixth sense that the burden of the country's honour was on their shoulders.

The game was played at a burn rubber pace and was packed with stimulating incidents. The Germans undercut and encourage the ball, but the Indian side countered with brilliant half-volleying and graceful long shots. Twice Dara attempted set a limit score but was declared offside. Dhyan Chand discarded his spiked shoes professor stockings and played with bare extremity and rubber soles and became speedier in the second half.

Class vigorous German attacks were brilliantly blessed by Allen and Tapsell. The detached scored by Weiss of Germany was the only goal scored against nobleness Indians throughout the tournament. The entire Indian team put up a outstanding display. Dhyan Chand and Dara afflicted by their combination, Tapsell by fillet reliability and Jaffar by his awesome bursts of speed.

There have been hang around erroneous media reports over the time eon claiming that Dhyan Chand scored 6 goals in India's 8–1 victory let pass Germany in the 1936 Olympic in reply. In his autobiography Goal! Chand wrote:

“When Germany was four goals keep information, a ball hit Allen's pad skull rebounded. The Germans took full edge of this and made a flounce, netting the ball before we could stop it. That was the unique goal Germany would score in authority match against our eight, and by the way the only goal scored against Bharat in the entire Olympic tournament. India's goal-getters were Roop Singh, Tapsell queue Jaffar with one each, Dara pair and myself three.”

The International Hockey Guild records also attribute only three have a high opinion of the eight goals to Chand encompass the final. The final was aim in the Leni Riefenstahl film subtract the 1936 Olympics, Olympia. Overall, utilize three Olympic tournaments, Chand had scored 37 goals in 12 matches.[3]

It laboratory analysis reported that the German leader Adolf Hitler was so impressed with Chand's skills that he offered him Teutonic citizenship and a position of Colonel in the German Army, which Dhyan Chand refused.[33][34]

East African tour and valedictory tournaments

After returning from Berlin, Chand hitched his regiment. Between 1936 and honesty commencement of the War in 1939, he largely confined himself to horde hockey, with one visit to Metropolis to take part in the Beighton Cup tournament in 1937. Before say publicly Beighton Cup, Chand spent four months in a military camp in Pachmarhi to attend military classes. On 16 March 1938, he was made a-ok Viceroy's Commissioned Officer (VCO; the commensurate of the present-day junior commissioned officer) with the rank of jemadar (now termed naib subedar).[22] With the acceleratory need for qualified officers during wartime, he was promoted to acting subedar by July 1942 and to say publicly war-substantive rank by early 1943.[35][36] Synchronize 9 April 1943, Chand received spruce emergency commission as a second deputy in the 14th Punjab Regiment, shorten the war-substantive rank of lieutenant shun the same date.[37]

Towards the closing phases of the war, Chand led unadorned army hockey team which toured turn the battlefields in Manipur, Burma, nobility Far East and Ceylon. When illustriousness war ended in 1945, Chand unambiguous that the Indian hockey team obligatory new young players. In 1947, interpretation IHF was requested by the Denizen Sports Association (ASA) of East Continent to send a team to amuse oneself a series of matches. The ASA made a condition that Chand be required to be included in the team. In times gone by again, Chand was chosen as headwaiter.

The team which assembled in Bombay on 23 November 1947, reached Metropolis on 15 December and played 9 matches in British East Africa awardwinning all. Chand, though now in consummate forties, still managed to score 61 goals in 22 matches.

After repetitive from the East African tour delete early 1948, Chand decided to at a snail`s pace phase out his involvement in 'serious hockey'. He played exhibition matches, valuable a Rest of India side be realistic state teams and the 1948 Olympic team which defeated Chand's side 2–1, even though an aging Chand scored his side's lone goal. Chand's extreme match was leading the Rest earthly India team against the Bengal cause. The match ended in a tow after which the Bengal Hockey Trellis organized a public function to have Chand's services to Indian hockey.

Final years

Chand continued to hold his difficulty commission in the Indian Army post-Independence, with the service number IEC 3526, but was apparently not granted top-hole regular commission.[38] In 1951 he was honored at India's National Stadium expound the inaugural Dhyan Chand Tournament, which he attended to the admiration be bought the spectators.

After 34 years warm service, Chand retired from the Soldier Army on 29 August 1956 thanks to a lieutenant (acting captain).[38][n 1] Magnanimity Government of India honoured him say publicly same year by conferring him righteousness Padma Bhushan, India's third highest noncombatant honour.[39]

After retirement, he taught at seminar camps at Mount Abu, Rajasthan. Subsequent, he accepted the position of Main Hockey Coach at the National School of Sports, Patiala, a post significant held from 1961 to 1969.[40] Chand spent his last days in climax hometown of Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, Bharat.

Chand died on 3 December 1979 from liver cancer at the Boast India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi.[41] He was cremated at the Jhansi Heroes ground in his hometown, afterward some initial problems in getting sack. His regiment, the Punjab Regiment, accorded him full military honours.[42]

Legacy and honours

Dhyan Chand remains a legendary figure make happen Indian and world hockey. His capacity have been glorified in various fictitious stories and anecdotes. A number regard these revolve around the fact ramble Singh had extraordinary control over transudate the ball. Chand's birthday, 29 Grand, is celebrated as National Sports Existing in India since 1995.[43] The Mr big gives away sports-related awards such gorilla the Major Dhyanchand Khel Ratna, Arjuna Award and Dronacharya Award on that day at the Rashtrapati Bhavan, India.[citation needed]

The 20th National Award, 2012, rectitude Gem of India, awarded by greatness Union Minister of India, was noted to Dhyan Chand. The award was received by Dhyan Chand's son, Ashok Dhyan Chand (a hockey Olympian restrict his own right), on behalf archetypal his deceased father. The award was given by Journalist Association of Bharat under the flagship of Journalists Confederation of India, Sirifort Auditorium, New Metropolis, India, on 22 September 2012.

In 1995, Chand's nine-foot statue was disclosed in the National Stadium, Delhi, profession the occasion of his 90th line anniversary.[43] The stadium was renamed Dhyan Chand National Stadium in 2002 temporary secretary his honour.[44] In the same best, India's highest award for lifetime culmination in sports, the Dhyan Chand Present was instituted. It has been awarded annually since, to sporting figures who not only contribute through their undertaking but also contribute to their ferry even after retirement.

A hostel impinge on Aligarh Muslim University, of which without fear was an alumnus,[45] has been forename after him.[46] He scored over 1,000 goals in his entire domestic current international career, from 1926 to 1948, making him the highest goal chronicler in hockey history.[14][13] BBC called him the "hockey's equivalent of Muhammad Ali".[14]

An Astroturf hockey pitch, at the Soldier Gymkhana Club in London, has anachronistic named after Indian hockey legend Dhyan Chand.[47] The Government of India has issued a commemorative postage stamp champion a First Day Cover in relate to of Dhyan Chand. He remains glory only Indian hockey player to accept a stamp in his honour.[48] Chand was among the nominees considered application India's highest civilian award, Bharat Ratna, for 2014 and there was argumentation for it.[49][50][51] The award was commit fraud given to Sachin Tendulkar and Catch-phrase. N. R. Rao.[52] The family workers of Dhyan Chand were disappointed ordain the government's decision.[53] An RTI was filed which suggested that the First-class Minister's Office had ignored the urging from sports ministry on giving representation award to Sachin Tendulkar.[54]

A lesson glass Dhyan Chand written by author Minor. Arumugam from chapter titled 'The Wizard' in his book, 'The Great Amerindic Olympians', was included in the Best 9 text books by NCERT implement the year 2002-2003.[55][56]

Honors

Notes

  1. ^Chand is generally declared to have held the rank appreciate major at his retirement, but position is unclear when he was promoted to this rank. The Gazette out-and-out India notification of his retirement defunct 20 March 1957 lists him kind "Lt. (A/Capt.) Dhyan Chand (IEC 3526), Punjab."[38]

See also

References

  1. ^"Indian hockey's famous legend Dhyan Chand's resume". Mid Day. 3 Dec 2015. Archived from the original bring up 1 April 2016. Retrieved 1 Apr 2016.
  2. ^Dharma Raja, M.K. "Hockey Wizard Dhyan Chand Remembered". Press Information Bureau. Polity of India. Archived from the starting on 1 April 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  3. ^ abcdeEvans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Dhyan Chand". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Tendency LLC. Archived from the original sudden 17 April 2020.
  4. ^"From Dhyan Chand pocket Dhanraj Pillay: The best Indian tract players in history". Olympics. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  5. ^"India renames highest sporting prize 1 after hockey legend Dhyan Chand - Xinhua | English.news.cn". Xinhuanet. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  6. ^"Major Dhyan Chand birth go to — Remembering the greatest field acreage player". cnbctv18.com. 29 August 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
  7. ^"National Sports Day 2021: Remembering India's golden hockey wizard, Bigger Dhyan Chand". Free Press Journal. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  8. ^"Find out about India's hockey wizard". bbc.co.uk.
  9. ^"From Dhyan Chand assent to Dhanraj Pillay: The best Indian sphere players in history". Olympics.
  10. ^"National Sports Day: PM Narendra Modi pays tribute go Major Dhyan Chand on birth anniversary". Indian Express. 29 August 2017.
  11. ^"Dhyan Chand: Great Magician of Hockey". Hindustan Times. 29 August 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  12. ^"National Sports Day 2021: Remembering India's golden hockey wizard, Major Dhyan Chand". Free Press Journal. Retrieved 11 Sep 2021.
  13. ^ abayush.gupta. "Coming soon: A film on hockey legend Dhyan Chand". Asianet News Network. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  14. ^ abcd"Discover hockey's answer to Pele". bbc.co.uk. 26 February 2004. Retrieved 11 Sept 2021.
  15. ^"Padma Awards"(PDF). Ministry of Home Justification, Government of India. 2015. Archived evade the original(PDF) on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  16. ^ abWeb spreadsheet, India Today (10 August 2021). "Tokyo Olympics: Renaming of Khel Ratna confer after Major Dhyan Chand to enliven youngsters, says PM Modi". India Today. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  17. ^Dhyan Chand (1952). Goal! Autobiography of Hockey Wizard Dhyan Chand. Chennai: Sport & Pastime. p. 2.
  18. ^"The legend of Dhyan Chand". The Hindu. 29 August 2017. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
  19. ^Majumdar, Boria; Mehta, Nalin (2009). India and the Olympics. Routledge. p. 272. ISBN .
  20. ^"Dhyan Chand Profile – Indian Cricket pitch Player Dhyan Chand Biography – Data on Dhyan Chand". www.iloveindia.com. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
  21. ^ abc"The Legend of Dhyan Chand". The Hindu. 29 August 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
  22. ^ abIndian Gray List for April 1941 (Part I). Government of India Press. 1941. p. 835.
  23. ^"Indian Army Hockey team". The Straits Times. 24 March 1926. p. 15. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
  24. ^Kapur, Mohan Lal (1968). Romance of Hockey. M.L. Kapur. p. 38.
  25. ^National Amusements Day 2017: Remembering 'The Wizard' Higher ranking Dhyan Chand on his birthday. Daily Hunt, India (29 August 2017). Retrieved on 12 December 2018.
  26. ^soumick. "National Exercises Day 2017: Remembering 'The Wizard' Chief Dhyan Chand on his birthday". Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  27. ^Dhyan Chand Captain of honourableness Indian Olympic Field hockey Team 1936. HockeyGods. Retrieved on 12 December 2018.
  28. ^Typhoon from the East. Bharatiyahockey.org.
  29. ^Major Dhyan Chand. Slideshare.net. Retrieved on 12 December 2018.
  30. ^"On this day: Dhyan Chand shines tutor in Berlin as India bags third tense Olympic hockey gold". Sportstar. 15 Noble 2020.
  31. ^"Indians Retain Olympic Hockey Title". Malaya Tribune. 25 August 1936. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
  32. ^"Olympic Hockey Final".
  33. ^Haymonds, Mike (16 June 2020). "Dhyan Chand: 'The unquestioned magician of world hockey'". The Airfield Paper.
  34. ^"When sports legend Dhyan Chand was offered a job by Adolf Hitler". Indian Express. 29 August 2017.
  35. ^Indian Swarm List for July 1942. Government remove India Press. 1942. p. 1467.
  36. ^Indian Army Confer for April 1943 (Parts I mount II). Government of India Press. 1943. p. 1615.
  37. ^Indian Army List August 1947 (Special ed.). Government of India Press. 1947. pp. 764 A.
  38. ^ abc"Part I-Section 4: Ministry tip off Defence (Army Branch)". The Gazette discount India. 30 March 1957. p. 80.
  39. ^Dharma Raj, M.K. (August 2000). "Hockey Wizard Dhyan Chand Remembered". Press Information Bureau, Management of India. Archived from the virgin on 7 November 2007. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
  40. ^Thyagarajan, S. (26 August 1995). "The enduring saga of Dhyan Chand". The Hindu. p. 25. Archived from influence original on 22 December 1996. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  41. ^"Dhyan Chand never accustomed anything: Ashok Kumar". The Times wink India. India. 30 August 2011. Archived from the original on 20 Nov 2013.
  42. ^"Last Days of Dhyan Chand". www.bharatiyahockey.org. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
  43. ^ ab"PM unveils Dhyan Chand statue". The Hindu. 31 August 1995. p. 22. Archived from rectitude original on 22 December 1996. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  44. ^"Even Bradman was stiff with Dhyan Chand". The Times second India. 30 August 2011. Archived yield the original on 9 September 2011.
  45. ^Ali, Qaiser Mohammad (30 April 2011). "Some hearts still beat for hockey here". India Today.
  46. ^"Aligarh Muslim University || Halls". www.amu.ac.in. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
  47. ^"Hockey steepness in London named after Dhyan Chand". Zee News. India. 23 August 2011.
  48. ^"Dhyan Chand Chronology". www.bharatiyahockey.org. Retrieved 23 Venerable 2016.
  49. ^Sharma, Aman (18 November 2013). "Bharat Ratna: Does hockey legend late Dhyan Chand deserve it more than cricketing icon Sachin Tendulkar?". The Economic Times.
  50. ^"Dhyan Chand deserves Bharat Ratna: Nana Patekar". DNA India. 2 January 2014.
  51. ^"Fans fascinate rally demanding Bharat Ratna for Dhyan Chand". India Today. 8 January 2014. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014.
  52. ^"Sachin Tendulkar and CNR Rao conferred Bharat Ratna". The Times round India. 4 February 2014.
  53. ^"I have pollex all thumbs butte hope of Bharat Ratna for Dhyan Chand now: Ashok Kumar". NDTV Amusements. 5 February 2014. Archived from righteousness original on 10 June 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
  54. ^"PMO ignored Dhyan Chand to confer Sachin Tendulkar the Bharat Ratna?". Zee News. 21 May 2014.
  55. ^"September 2002 Bulletin". www.bharatiyahockey.org. Retrieved 21 Jan 2024.
  56. ^Our Sports Reporter (28 August 2002). "Chapter on Dhyan Chand figures engage textbook". www.tribuneindia.com. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  57. ^"Scheme for the Dhyan Chand Award on line for Lifetime Achievement in Sports and Mafficking celebrations (Amended as on 3 February 2016)"(PDF). Ministry of Youth Affairs and Athleticss. 3 February 2016. p. 11. Retrieved 7 January 2017.

Cited sources

External links

  • "Yaaru E Dhyan Chand" by Narendra Kumar S Savage, published by Samrudha Sahitya
  • The Indian who captivated even Hitler, Qaiser Mohammad Khalif, Rediff.com
  • Feature: Hockey's Genius – Dhyan Chand, Rohit Brijnath, PlanetFieldHockey.com
  • Gulu Ezekiel and K. Arumugam, Great Indian Olympians[1]
  • K. Arumugam, Dhyan Chand Centenary, Hockey Yearbook 2006.
  • A tribute cause to feel Dhyan Chand, Rediff.com
  • Dhyan Chand at Olympedia (archive)