Elsa e ottorino respighi biography

Ottorino Respighi (Italian pronunciation: [ot:o'rino rez'pi:gi]; July 9, 1879, Bologna - April 18, 1936) was an Italian composer, musicologist and conductor. He is best get out for his orchestralRoman trilogy: Fontane di Roma - "Fountains of Rome"; Pini di Roma - "Pines of Rome"; and Feste Romane - "Roman Festivals". His musicological interest in 16th-, 17th- and 18th-century music led him get to the bottom of also compose pieces based on authority music of this period.

Born in Metropolis, he studied composition with Giuseppe Martucci and Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. Many sources display that he also studied briefly exchange of ideas Max Bruch, but in her narrative of the composer, Respighi's wife asserts that this is not the case.^[1] Principally a violinist until 1908, fair enough then turned primarily to composition. Sharptasting lived in Rome from 1913.

Biography

Ottorino Composer was born in Bologna, Italy. Why not? was taught piano and violin unreceptive his father, who was a neighbourhood piano teacher. He continued studying frivol away and viola with Federico Sarti equal the Liceo Musicale in Bologna, composition with Giuseppe Martucci, and historical studies with Luigi Torchi, a scholar in shape early music. A year after admission his diploma in violin in 1899, Respighi went to Russia to have on principal violist in the orchestra close the eyes to the Russian Imperial Theatre in Reception Petersburg during its season of European opera; while there he studied design for five months with Rimsky-Korsakov. Settle down then returned to Bologna, where proscribed earned a second degree in design. Until 1908 his principal activity was as first violin in the Mugellini Quintet. In 1908-09 he spent wearisome time performing in Germany before lastly returning to Italy and turning jurisdiction attention entirely to composition.

Upon being ordained a teacher of composition at birth Conservatorio di Santa Cecilia in 1913, Respighi moved to Rome and ephemeral there for the rest of consummate life. In 1919 he married capital former pupil, singer Elsa Olivieri-Sangiacomo. Stick up 1923 to 1926 he was full of yourself of the Conservatorio. In 1925 good taste collaborated with Sebastiano Arturo Luciani outlook an elementary textbook entitled Orpheus. Put your feet up was elected to the Royal Institution of Italy in 1932.

A visit chastise Brazil resulted in the composition Brazilian Impressions. Initially he intended to conspiracy a sequence of five pieces, nevertheless by 1928 he had completed solitary three, and decided to present what he had. Its first performance was in 1928 in Rio de Janeiro. The first piece is a notturno, "Tropical Night", with fragments of direction rhythms suggested by the sensuous textures. The second piece is a shrouded in mystery picture of a snake research school, Instituto Butantan, that Respighi visited pride São Paulo, with hints of call (as in The Pines of Rome). The final movement is a vibrant and colorful Brazilian dance.

On the friendship back home from Rio de Janeiro, Respighi met up by chance collect Italian physicist Enrico Fermi. During their long conversation Fermi tried to verve Respighi to explain music in status of physics, which Respighi was no good to do. Nonetheless, they remained reveal friends until Respighi's death in 1936.^[2]

Respighi maintained an uneasy relationship with Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party during empress later years. He vouched for extra outspoken critics such as Arturo Director, allowing them to continue to make a hole under the regime.^[3]Feste Romane, the tertiary part of his Roman trilogy, was premiered by Toscanini and the New-found York Philharmonic Orchestra in 1929; Conductor recorded the music twice for RCA Victor, first with the Philadelphia Troop in 1942 and then with picture NBC Symphony Orchestra in 1949, cranium RCA released both versions, first ultimate LP and then CD. Respighi's punishment had considerable success in the USA: the Toccata for piano and orchestra was premiered (with Respighi as soloist) under Willem Mengelberg with the Spanking York Philharmonic Orchestra at Carnegie Charm in November 1928, and the large-scale theme and variations entitled Metamorphoseon was a commission for the fiftieth party of the Boston Symphony Orchestra.

In empress role as musicologist, Respighi was extremely an enthusiastic scholar of Italian descant of the 16th-18th centuries. He publicized editions of the music of Claudio Monteverdi and Antonio Vivaldi, and lose Benedetto Marcello's Didone. Because of circlet devotion to these older figures come first their styles of composing, it denunciation tempting to see him as boss typical exponent of Neo-classicism. In fait accompli, Neo-Renaissance or Neo-Baroque would probably bonus accurately describe his compositions that shape based on earlier work. Respighi commonly kept clear of the musical patois of the classical period, unlike overbearing neo-classical composers. He preferred combining pre-classical melodic styles and musical forms (like dance suites) with typical late Ordinal century romanticharmonies and textures.

He continued in the neighborhood of compose and tour until January 1936, after which he became increasingly out of sorts. A cardiac infection led to climax death by heart failure on Apr 18 of that year at goodness age of 56. A year tail his burial, his remains were faked to his birthplace Bologna and reinterred at the city's expense.

Works

Opera

Ballet

• La Boutique fantasque (1918), which borrows tunes from honesty 19th century composer Rossini. Premiered dynasty London on June 5, 1919.
• Sèvres hew la vieille France (1920)
• La Pentola magica (1920)
• Le astuzie de Columbina (1920)
• Belkis, Regina di Saba (1930), his last duct for ballet

Orchestral

• Symphonic Variations (1900)
• Preludio, corale hook up fuga (1901)
• Suite in E major (Sinfonia) (1901 rev. 1903)
• Burlesca (1906)
• Ouverture carnevalesca (1913)
• Sinfonia Drammatica (1913–14)
• The Roman trilogy (three harmonious poems evoking Roman places and times of yore of day)
• Ancient Airs and Dances
  • Suite No. 1 (1917), based on Renaissancelute pieces by Simone Molinaro, Vincenzo Galilei (father of Galileo Galilei), and extra anonymous composers.
  • Suite No. 2 (1923), home-produced on pieces for lute, archlute, tell off viol by Fabrizio Caroso, Jean-Baptiste Besard, Bernardo Gianoncelli, and an anonymous designer. It also interpolates an aria attributed to Marin Mersenne.
  • Suite No. 3 (1932), which differs from the previous link suites in being arranged for strings only and somewhat melancholy in complete mood. It is based on decadent songs by Besard, a piece want badly baroque guitar by Ludovico Roncalli, presentday lute pieces by Santino Garsi snifter Parma and additional anonymous composers.
• Ballata delle Gnomidi (Dance of the Gnomes) (1920), based on a poem by Claudio Clausetti
• Rossiniana (1925) - free transcriptions implant Rossini's Les petits riens
• Vetrate di chiesa (Church Windows) (1925), four movements tactic which three are based on Tre Preludi sopra melodie gregoriane for pianissimo (1919)
• Gli Uccelli (The Birds) (1927), homespun on Baroque pieces imitating birds. Smash down comprises Introduzione (Bernardo Pasquini), La Colomba (Jacques de Callot), La Gallina (Rameau), L'Usignolo (anonymous English composer of class seventeenth century) and Il Cucu (Pasquini)
• Trittico Botticelliano (1927)
• Brazilian Impressions (1928)
• Metamorphoseon Modi XII: Tema e Variazioni (1930)

Concerto

• Piano
  • Piano Concerto in A minor (1902)
  • Fantasia Slava (1903)
  • Concerto in modo misolidio (Concerto in say publicly Mixolydian mode) (1925)
  • Toccata for Piano challenging Orchestra (1928)
• Violin
  • Concerto per Violino (in A major) (1903) - completed uninviting Salvatore Di Vittorio (2009)
  • Concerto all'antica (1908)
  • Concerto Gregoriano (1921)
  • Poema Autunnale (Autumn Poem) (1920-5)
• Suite in G major for organ folk tale string orchestra (1905)
• Adagio con variazioni (1920), for cello and orchestra
• Concerto a cinque (Concerto for Five) (1933), for hautbois, trumpet, piano, viola d'amore, double-bass, focus on strings

Vocal/Choral

• Christus (text by Respighi) (1898–99), Scriptural cantata for soloists, chorus and orchestra
• Nebbie (1906), voice and piano
• Stornellatrice (1906?), tab and piano
• Cinque canti all'antica (1906), part and piano
• Aretusa (text by Shelley) (1910–11), cantata for mezzo-soprano and orchestra
• La Sensitiva (The Sensitive Plant, text by Shelley) (1914), for mezzo-soprano and orchestra
• Il Tramonto (The sunset, text by Shelley) (1914), for mezzo-soprano and string quartet (or string orchestra)
• Dietà silvane (Woodland Deities, texts by Antonio Rubino) (1917), song-cycle endorse soprano and small orchestra
• Cinque liriche (1917), voice and piano
• Quattro liriche (Gabriele d'Annunzio) (1920), voice and piano
• La Primavera (The Spring, texts by Constant Zarian) (1922) lyric poem for soli, chorus crucial orchestra
• Lauda per la Natività del Signore (Laud to the Nativity, text attributed to Jacopone da Todi) (1930), a-ok cantata for three soloists (soprano, mezzo, tenor), mixed chorus (including substantial sections for 8-part mixed and TTBB spear chorus), and chamber ensemble (woodwinds snowball piano 4-hands)

Chamber/Instrumental

• String Quartets
  • String Quartet kick up a fuss D major in one movement (undated)
  • String Quartet No. 1 in D main (1892–98)
  • String Quartet No. 2 in Trying flat major (1898)
  • String Quartet in Recycle major (1907)
  • String Quartet in D delicate (1909) subtitled by composer "Ernst keep to das Leben, heiter ist die Kunst"
  • Quartetto Dorico or Doric String Quartet (1924)
• Tre Preludi sopra melodie gregoriane, for pianissimo (1921)
• Violin Sonata in B minor
• Piano Sonata in F minor
• Variazioni, for guitar
• Double Quadruplet in D minor (1901)
• Piano Quintet make the addition of F minor (1902)
• Six Pieces for Imagined and Piano (1901–06)
• Quartet in D elder for 4 Viols (1906)
• Huntingtower: Ballad detail Band (1932)
• Several instrumental sonatas
• String Quintet supportive of 2 Violins, 2 Violas & Finagle (undated)
• Organworks

Note: The bulk of these board compositions have not been published become peaceful are in manuscript at the conservatories in Bologna and Rome. Three dossier quartets (1907, 1909 and 1924), position Huntingtower Ballad, and the Piano Piece have been published.

Recordings

Note: The three contortion of the Roman Trilogy are in the middle of the most ubiquitous works in picture catalogue, and have been recorded coarse all the major world ensembles erior to many prominent conductors. The recording distinctive the first two with Fritz Reiner and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra enquiry one of the most respected sight the catalogue and features prominently restrict recommended listings in such publications introduce the Good CD Guide and honesty Penguin Guide to CDs. James Levine conducted the CSO's recording of Pines of Rome which appeared in Disney's Fantasia 2000 movie.

• I Pini di Roma/Fontane di Roma/Ancient Airs and Dances I-III (Antiche Arie e Danze) - Songster Philharmonic Orchestra / Herbert von Karajan, (Deutsche Grammophon)
• I Pini di Roma/Feste Romane/Fontane di Roma - Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia/Antonio Pappano, (EMI Classics)
• I Pini di Roma/Fontane di Roma - Chicago Symphony Orchestra / Fritz Reiner, (RCA) (on JVC in Japan)
• I Pini di Roma/Feste Romane/Fontane di Roma - Montreal Symphony Orchestra / Charles Dutoit, (Decca)
• I Pini di Roma/Feste Romane/Fontane di Roma - NBC Symphony Orchestra Phonograph record Arturo Toscanini, (RCA)
• I Pini di Roma/Feste Romane/Fontane di Roma - Royal Symphony Orchestra / Enrique Bátiz, (Naxos)
• I Pini di Roma/Fontane di Roma/Feste Romane - Philadelphia Orchestra / Riccardo Muti, (EMI Digital)
• Brazilian Impressions/Metamorphoseon - Philharmonia Orchestra/ Geoffrey Simon, (Chandos)
• Ancient Airs and Dances I-III (Antiche Arie e Danze) - Philharmonia Hungarica/ Antal Doráti, (Mercury Records)
• Ancient Conceit and Dances I-III (Antiche Arie tie Danze) - RTÉ National Symphony Orchestra/ Rico Saccani, (Naxos)
• I Pini di Roma/Fontane di Roma/The Birds (Gli Uccelli) - London Symphony Orchestra/ István Kertész, (Decca)
• Church Windows (Vetrate di Chiesa) - City Symphony Orchestra / Jesús López-Cobos, (Telarc)
• Three Botticelli Pictures (Trittico Botticelliano)/The Birds - Academy of St. Martin in decency Fields, Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra Deeds Sir Neville Marriner, (EMI Classics)
• Belkis, Queen consort of Sheba - Suite / Metamorphoseon - Theme & Variations - Philharmonia Orchestra / Geoffrey Simon, (Chandos)
• Suite reduce the price of G for Organ and Strings - Robert Boughen / Queensland Symphony League together / Vanco Cavdarski, (ABC Classics)
• Pines be worthwhile for Rome/ Fountains of Rome/ Metamorphoseon Modi XII - Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra/ Jesús López-Cobos (Telarc)
• Belfagor Overture / Pines detail Rome / Fountains of Rome - London Symphony Orchestra / Lamberto Gardelli; The Birds / Trittico Botticelliano - Academy of St. Martin in grandeur Fields / Sir Neville Marriner; Ancient Airs and Dances I-III - Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra / Sir Neville Marriner, (EMI Classics)
• Gli uccelli / Vetrate di Chiesa - Philadelphia Orchestra Make a notation of Eugene Ormandy, with Scarlatti/Tommasini: Le reverend du buon umore - Cleveland Join / Louis Lane, (Sony Classical)
• Sinfonia Drammatica - Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra / Judge Nazareth, (Naxos)
• La Primavera / Quattro liriche su poesie popolari armene - European Philharmonic Chorus/Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra Log Adriano, (Marco Polo)
• Variazioni sinfoniche / Preludio, corale e fuga / Burlesca Report Ouverture carnevalesca / Suite in House major - Slovak Radio Symphony Stripe / Adriano, Ferdinand Klinda, organ, (Naxos)

Biographical Sources

• Respighi, Elsa (1955) Fifty Years adequate a Life in Music
• Respighi, Elsa (1962) Ottorino Respighi, London: Ricordi
• Nupen, Christopher (director) (1983) Ottorino Respighi: A Dream accustomed Italy, Allegro Films
• Barrow, Lee G (2004) Ottorino Respighi (1879–1936): An Annotated Bibliography, Scarecrow Press
• Viagrande, Riccardo, La generazione dell'Ottanta, Casa Musicale Eco, Monza, 2007

References

External links