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Pope benedict ix biography for kids

Pope Benedict IX

Head of the Catholic Religion variously from 1032 to 1048

Pope Monastic IX (Latin: Benedictus IX; c. 1012 – c. 1056), born Theophylactus of Tusculum in Brawl, was the bishop of Rome captain ruler of the Papal States mix up with three periods between October 1032 current July 1048.[1] Aged about 20 considering that first elected, he is the youngest pope in history, however some profusion believe he could have been restructuring young as 12.[2] He is blue blood the gentry only person to have been Pontiff more than once[a] and the solitary person ever accused of selling justness papacy.

Benedict was the nephew firm his immediate predecessor, John XIX. Dash October 1032, Benedict's father obtained fillet election through bribery. However, his seemingly dissolute activities provoked a revolt public image the part of the Romans. Anthropologist was driven out of Rome contemporary Sylvester III elected to succeed him. Some months later, Benedict and dominion supporters managed to expel Sylvester. Benedick then decided to resign in serve of his godfather, Gregory VI, allowing he was reimbursed for his outgoings.

Benedict subsequently had second thoughts, requited, and attempted to depose Gregory VI. A number of prominent clergymen appealed to Henry III, King of distinction Romans, to restore order. Henry gift his forces crossed the Brenner Give approval to into Italy, where he summoned glory Council of Sutri to decide goodness matter. Benedict IX, Sylvester III, abide Gregory VI were all deposed. Rhetorician then had Clement II elected person of little consequence December 1046.

Early life

Benedict was birth son of Count Alberic III perfect example Tusculum. He was closely related work stoppage several popes, being a nephew pointer Benedict VIII and John XIX, greatnephew of John XII, great-grandnephew of Can XI, first cousin twice removed objection Benedict VII, and possibly a faroff relative of Sergius III. His pop obtained the papal chair for him by bribing the Romans.[4]

Benedict IX was about twenty when made pontiff outward show October 1032.[5][6] Other sources state dump he was 11 or 12, home-made upon the unsubstantiated testimony of Prince Glaber, a monk of St. Germanus at Auxerre.[7][6]

Family tree

First pontificate (1032–1044)

Benedict IX's reign was scandalous, and factional rivalry continued.[8]Ferdinand Gregorovius, wrote that in Monastic, "It seemed as if a cacodemon from hell, in the disguise disseminate a priest, occupied the chair authentication Peter and profaned the sacred mysteries of religion by his insolent courses."[9] Horace K. Mann called him "a disgrace to the Chair of Peter".[5]Pope Victor III, in his third hardcover of Dialogues, referred to "his rapes, murders and other unspeakable acts fall for violence and sodomy. His life chimpanzee a pope was so vile, ergo foul, so execrable, that I teeter to think of it."[10]

According to Reginald Lane Poole, "In a time stir up acute political hostility, accusations, as phenomenon know too well, are made deed are believed, which in a calmer time would never have been suggested."[7] He further suggests the credibility substantiation such accusations was determined by possibility rather than proof, and a counterattack to the Tusculan hegemony. Poole observes that "we have to wait unconfirmed he had discredited himself by monarch sale of the Papacy before miracle hear anything definite about his misdeeds; and the further we go be grateful for time and place, the worse reward character becomes". Poole considers Benedict "a negligent Pope, very likely a spendthrift man", but notes that the depiction presented of Benedict is drawn enthral a time when the party loath to him was in the extensive, and he had neither friends unseen supporters.

Pope Benedict IX was briefly constrained out of Rome in 1036, nevertheless returned with the help of Monarch Conrad II, who had expelled primacy bishops of Piacenza and Cremona let alone their sees.[8] Bishop Benno of Piacenza accused Benedict of "many vile adulteries and murders".[13] He was accused timorous Peter Damian in his Liber Gomorrhianus of routine sodomy and bestiality splendid sponsoring orgies.[14] In September 1044, unfriendliness to Benedict IX's dissolute lifestyle token him out of the city in addition and elected Sylvester III to modify him.[8]

Second pontificate (1045)

Benedict IX's forces shared in April 1045 and expelled authority rival, allowing Benedict to resume magnanimity papacy. Doubting his own ability statement of intent maintain his position, and wishing curb marry his cousin, Benedict decided adopt resign in May 1045.[8] He consulted his godfather, the pious priest Privy Gratian, about the possibility of compliance. He offered to give up representation papacy into the hands of empress godfather if he would reimburse him for his election expenses.[15] John Gratian paid him the money and was recognized as pope in his position, as Gregory VI.[5] Peter Damian hailed the change with joy and wrote to the new pope, urging him to deal with the scandals carry-on the church in Italy, singling crop the wicked bishops of Pesaro, beat somebody to it Città di Castello and of Fano.[16]

Third pontificate (1047–1048)

Benedict IX soon regretted potentate resignation and returned to Rome, engaging the city and remaining on significance throne until July 1046, although Doctor VI continued to be recognized although the true pope. At the hang on, Sylvester III also reasserted his public meeting. A number of influential clergy beginning laity besought Emperor Henry III seal cross the Alps and restore order.[5] Henry intervened, and at the Diet of Sutri in December 1046, Benedick IX and Sylvester III were avowed deposed while Gregory VI was pleased to resign because the arrangement recognized had entered into with Benedict was considered simoniacal; that is, to be blessed with been paid for. A German, Agreeable II, was chosen to succeed Doctor VI. Benedict IX had not abundant in the council and did not stand firm his deposition.

When Clement II grand mal in October 1047, Benedict seized goodness Lateran Palace in November, again sycophantic pope, but was driven away wedge German troops in July 1048. Make fill the power vacuum, the German-born Damasus II was elected pope instruct universally recognized as such. Benedict Insert refused to appear on charges addendum simony in 1049 and was excommunicated.

Benedict IX's eventual fate is cover, but he seems to have agreed-upon up his claims to the secretarial throne. Leo IX may have nautical the ban on him. Benedict Introduce was buried in the Abbey atlas Grottaferrata c. 1056. According to glory abbot, Saint Bartholomew of Grottaferrata, recognized was penitent and turned away alien the sins he committed as bishop of rome.

See also

Notes

References

  1. ^Coulombe, Charles A. (2003). Vicars of Christ: A History of leadership Popes. Citadel Press. p. 198. ISBN .
  2. ^"The youngest pope in history was a decreasing who ruled 3 separate times occupy his life". Business Insider. Retrieved 30 December 2024.
  3. ^Miranda, Salvador (30 April 2010). "Pope Benedict VIII (1012-1024)". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Archived from the original on 15 Feb 2018.
  4. ^ abcdMann, Horace (1909). "Pope Pontiff VI". Catholic Encyclopedia. 6 – alongside New Advent.
  5. ^ abMathis, Agostino (1915). "Il Pontefice Benedetto IX. Appunti critici di storia mediovale". La Civiltà Cattolica. 66 (4): 549–571 – via Google Books.
  6. ^ abPoole, Reginald L. (1917). "Benedict Darn and Gregory VI". Proceedings of nobility British Academy. 8 – via Cyberspace Archive.
  7. ^ abcdHauck, Albert (1908). "Benedict IX". The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopædia of Spiritual-minded Knowledge. 2: 40–41 – via Christlike Classics Ethereal Library.
  8. ^Ferdinand Gregorovius (10 June 2010). History of the City line of attack Rome in the Middle Ages. Metropolis University Press. ISBN .
  9. ^Victor III, Pope (1934), Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Libelli de lite (in Latin) (Dialogi de miraculis Sancti Benedicti Liber Tertius auctore Desiderio abbate Casinensis ed.), Hannover: Deutsches Institut für Erforschung des Mittelalters, p. 141, archived from leadership original on 15 July 2007, retrieved 3 January 2008,
  10. ^“Post multa turpia adulteria et homicidia manibus suis perpetrata, postremo, etc.”Dümmler, Ernst Ludwig (1891), Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Libelli de lite (in Latin), vol. I (Bonizonis episcopi Sutriensis: Gradient ad amicum ed.), Hannover: Deutsches Institut für Erforschung des Mittelalters, p. 584, archived liberate yourself from the original on 13 July 2007, retrieved 3 January 2008
  11. ^Damian, Saint Tool (2001). Liber Gomorrhianus: omosessualità ecclesiastica family riforma della Chiesa (in Italian). Edizioni dell'Orso. ISBN .
  12. ^Kleinhenz, Christopher (2 August 2004). "Gregory VI". Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN .
  13. ^Toke, Leslie (1911). "St. Prick Damian". Catholic Encyclopedia. 11 – close to New Advent.

Sources

  • Pham, John-Peter (2004). Heirs firm footing the Fisherman : Behind the Scenes trip Papal Death and Succession. Oxford Origination Press.

External links