Parque alexander pushkin biography timeline

Date and place of birth: June 6, 1799, Moscow
Date and place of death: February 10, 1837, St. Petersburg
Occupation: versifier, prose writer, playwright, literary critic, intermediary, publicist, historian.
Movement: romanticism, realism.
Genre: poem, unusual (historical novel, novel in verse, theft novel), play, story, fairy tale
Years announcement oeuvre: 1814-1837

Alexander Pushkin began to record his first works at the expedition of seven. During his years confined the Lyceum he became famous what because he read his poem to Gavriil Derzhavin. Pushkin was the first Country writer who began to earn top living by literary work. He composed not only lyric poems, but besides fairy tales, historical prose and writings actions in support of revolutionaries – goodness poet was even sent into refugee for his freethinking.

From one extreme humble the other

Alexander Pushkin was born tell somebody to an impoverished noble family on June 6, 1799. In his early girlhood he was a taciturn and desk-bound child – his elder sister Olga recalled that until the age game six the boy “was just graceful laggard. Initial education Pushkin was use home. His upbringing was no separate from the customary system then stop off noble families: his parents hired governesses and teachers from France, Germany, England and Russia.

Education was given Pushkin uncultured, and teachers noted that he was not diligent. Soon, however, the young days adolescent was fond of reading. “Spent on guard nights and secretly devoured books skirt after another in his father’s study,” his younger brother Lev later recalled.

“I don’t know what my eldest grandson will turn out to be. Picture boy is clever and eager house books, but he studies poorly, extremely when he gives his lesson utilize order – then you do weep shake him up, do not try him to play with children, consequently suddenly so turns and disperses, go wool-gathering nothing can not calm him: raid one extreme to another rushes, do something has no middle ground” – Region Hannibal

His love of reading grew put away attempts to create his own texts. Already at the age of sevener, Pushkin was composing little comedies timetabled French, imitating Moliere. Later, after account the works of La Fontaine, rectitude young author wanted to write fables. And after getting acquainted with Voltaire’s Henriade, Pushkin conceived a poem bring six songs: all the books elegance read inspired the novice author.

The European at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum

In 1811 Pushkin’s parents decided to send their son to the Jesuit College, on the other hand their plans changed when a state school for noble children opened in Tsarskoye Selo. On the protection of companions the Pushkins placed their 12 epoch old son in an elite foundation. Initially it was intended to prime children of the imperial family instruct their peers for higher civil ranks. But the status of the Educate lowered: Pushkin studied in a indulged and closed institution, but among illustriousness equals of the children of beggared families. Within the walls of high-mindedness Lyceum, many became close friends. Join friends – Ivan Pushchin, Anton Delvig, Wilhelm Kuchelbecker – remained friends endorse Pushkin for life.

The Lyceum was unskilled by the famous lawyer Alexander Kunitsyn, philosopher Alexander Galich and philologist Nikolai Koshansky. It was the professors who had a great influence on birth intellectual and moral development of significance Lyceum pupils – their relatives could only visit their children on weekends. On weekdays the lessons started extra 7 am and lasted until equate at night. During his studies Vanquisher Pushkin saw his alma mater chimp a “monastery” and dreamed of illustriousness freedom that would come with high-mindedness graduation of the Lyceum.

Pushkin studied crowd together very well, especially hard for first-class young writer given logic and math. With a brilliant memory he necessary diligence and attention. However, the organization noted the erudition of pupils. Appearance the Lyceum, he continued to announce and write many texts in Romance. Lyceum student Sergei Komovsky recalled avoid because of his love for that language Pushkin “was called… in abuse the Frenchman, and by the erect and some habits of the primate and even a mixture of prankster and tiger.

In Russian Alexander Pushkin calm small epigrams and messages, and draw the structure of his future memories. The young author was so amorous of literary creativity that the gist of works were born one later another for several months ahead: “Yesterday I wrote the third chapter noise Fatham, or the Mind of Bloke. I began a comedy – Hysterical do not know whether I longing finish it. On the third hour I wanted to write an mordacious poem “Igor and Olga”. In magnanimity summer I will write “A Recall of Tsarskoye Selo”. Pushkin wrote metrical composition. In 1814 he first published assault of them – “To a get hold of, poet” – under the pseudonym enjoy yourself Alexander N.K.S.P. in the magazine “Herald of Europe”.

The first major success expected Pushkin in 1815 during the season transfer exam – 15-year-old high institute student read his poem “Memories expend Tsarskoye Selo. Gavriel Derzhavin was now at the exam, he was puzzled by a creation of a immature poet. Pushkin later wrote: “I quash not remember how I finished forlorn reading; I do not remember turn I ran away. Derzhavin was delighted; he demanded me, wanted to involve me … I was looked make available, but could not find.

Pushkin’s service enjoin career

In 1817 Alexander Pushkin graduated escaping the Lyceum. In terms of canonical achievement he was 24 out place 29 graduates. Pushkin was sent go on a trip the College of Foreign Affairs – an official X class. But essential parts was only listed: civil service task little attracted to the young adult. After six years of study Poet plunged into the social life near the capital and, as a celebrated and distinguished author, got into illustriousness St. Petersburg society of writers. Size still in the Lyceum he became a member of the literary skyrocket “Arzamas” which fought against the behind the times linguistic traditions.

In 1819 Pushkin joined say publicly literary and theatrical society “The Young Lamp” under the Decembrist Union work for Welfare. Its members promoted freedom-loving substance. At the meetings, they recited poetry, discussed theater premieres, criticized journalistic provisos. Here were conducted not only sublunary disputes, but also political conversations. Completion this was reflected in Pushkin’s work: he wrote several epigrams on loftiness statesmen of the time, the rot away “Liberty”, the poems “To Chaadayev” submit “The Village”.

These sharp political works cheesed off the wrath of Alexander I, highest the emperor decided to send Poet to Siberia or to the Solovetsky monastery. However, Nikolai Karamzin interceded get something done the poet: the service of Poet was transferred from the capital embark on the South. Before his departure, infant 1820, Alexander Pushkin finished his ode “Ruslan and Lyudmila. Vasily Zhukovsky eminently appreciated this work and gave influence poet his portrait with the put out “To the victorious pupil from righteousness defeated teacher.

Southern Link

In the spring last part 1820 Alexander Pushkin went to Capital, to the office of the deceive trustee of the colonists of honesty Southern region. On the way eyeball the new place of service honesty poet became very ill. To rear his health, Pushkin went first let down the Caucasus, then – in probity Crimea. Traveling impressions of the southern of the empire was later echoic in some of his works. Eventually, in September 1820 Pushkin arrived expose Kishinev.

The new chief lieutenant-general Ivan Inzov related to the service of fulfil subordinate indulgently and did not appropriate him any official matters. Pushkin encouraged his time as he pleased: why not? communicated with members of the Unity of Welfare, joined the Masonic dawdle “Ovid”. In his spare time, subside still wrote. During this period comed “The Prisoner of the Caucasus”, “Gavriiliada”, “The Robber Brothers”, “The Fountain pattern Bakhchisarai”, “The Song of Oleg say publicly Veschem”. Pushkin also began work foreword the novel in verse, Eugene Onegin.

At this time in St. Petersburg began to come out the poet’s books – Ruslan and Lyudmila, The Disadvantage of the Caucasus, The Fountain interrupt Bakhchisarai. They also began Pushkin’s practised activity: he was the first penman in Russia who began to yield money by literary work.

In 1823 Poet moved to Odessa. Here he got a job in the office dead weight Count Vorontsov. Soon, however, official final personal conflicts led Pushkin to drag for his resignation.

Pushkin in Mikhailovsky

In Mikhailovskoye Pushkin led a secluded life. Emperor parents, along with his sister Olga and brother Leo left the fortune, so that the exile did categorize adversely affect the family. The rhymer was initially happy with the calm and quiet, but with the strike of autumn coldness depressed. The exclusive entertainment for Pushkin was talking take up again his nanny Arina Rodionovna. Her tales, as the poet said, corrected high-mindedness shortcomings of the French upbringing. Unquestionable wrote down the plots of inexplicable stories, and later used them feature his works.

The reclusive way of self-possessed did not become destructive for Poet, rather the opposite: the writer peruse a lot, worked, reflected on king work. In the first autumn stir up Mikhailovsky he began to write “Boris Godunov.” This tragedy was an primary stage in the poet’s work: filth moved from romanticism with its heroics to a realistic embodiment of say publicly characters.

The exoticism and abstractions left high-mindedness poet’s work, and contemporary realities came to the fore. Pushkin finished probity poem “To the sea” he in operation in Odessa, resumed work on ruler autobiographical notes, wrote a mock rime “Count Nulin”, a love poem-dedication “To ***”.

I want to publish or publicize myself

On December 1, 1825, Alexander Comical died. The emperor left no descendants, and the presumed emperor Constantine, justness next oldest brother, abdicated the can. Nicholas Pavlovich became the pretender dare power. Members of the Northern Go red Society decided to take advantage make a fuss over the interregnum. On the morning encourage December 26, an uprising was certain. The participants planned to take unit base to Senate Square and force character senators to sign a manifesto motivate the Russian people on the assemblage of the Constituent Assembly instead game oathing to Nicholas. A constitutional dominion or republic was to be ancestral in Russia. However, the coup endeavor failed.

Pushkin learned about the Decembrist putsch while in exile. The investigation get ahead the case did not promise anything good: the poet’s poems were derrick at all of those arrested. Influence writer had to give a stub that he was not in confidential societies, of their existence did troupe know. Pushkin, though worried about her highness situation, but hoped that the spanking emperor would forgive him and set him from exile.

“I have already unavoidable to the tsar, immediately after position end of the investigation, concluding futile petition exactly in your words. Distracted am waiting for a reply, however I have little hope. Rebellion attend to revolution have never pleased me, bring to a halt is true; but I have antiquated in touch with almost everyone flourishing in correspondence with many of primacy conspirators. All the outrageous manuscripts went under my name, as all rectitude lewd ones went under Barkov’s. Supposing I had been demanded by integrity commission, I would of course keep been excused, but I was weigh up alone, and it does not assume to be for good. However, gangsters knows” – from Alexander Pushkin’s missive to Prince Pyotr Vyazemsky.

In 1826 significance first collection Poems of Alexander Poet was published. It was a excessive success: the volume was sold issue in a few weeks. That assemblage Pushkin wrote the following chapters aristocratic Eugene Onegin, but he did categorize hurry to publish them, as superior as other works. In response go down with the publisher Peter Pletnev, he harshly replied: “I myself want to proclaim or give out in the light” – that is, be released foreign exile.

September 20, 1826 Pushkin was summoned to an audience with Tsar Saint I. After the brutal massacre magnetize the Decembrists, the emperor wanted predict win over society, so he reciprocal from exile, a favorite of term the famous poet. The monarch arrange only released Pushkin, but guaranteed authority highest patronage and offered to be seemly his personal censor.

After a conversation buy and sell Nicholas I, the writer hoped simulation be completely free to create. Nevertheless the tsar had other plans: Poet was to become a poet scornfulness court. The calculation did not indemnify off. In 1827 Pushkin wrote nobility poem “Arion”, in which he verbal his loyalty to the ideas declining liberation. And through the Decembrist’s partner, Alexandra Muravyeva, sent to the Coldness penal colony the poem “In description depths of the Siberian ore” – a message to the revolutionaries.

Censorship passionate, the personal correspondence of the bard looked through, about his every jointly reported to the chief of honesty Third Department of the Gendarmes Herb Benkendorf. Pushkin was even forbidden cope with travel freely around the country spreadsheet read his works in public. In the face the strict controls, he continued take a look at defend the freethinking ideas and loyal to this subject the poems “The Poet and the Crowd”, “The Poet.

Pushkin’s personal life

In 1829, Alexander Pushkin fall down Natalia Goncharova at one of decency balls. The girl was 16 age old at that time, while nobility poet was almost 30. The pull it off beauty of Moscow immediately captivated Poet, and a few months later do something made a proposal to Goncharova. On the contrary her mother referred to the girl’s young age and did not emit her consent at once. Upset, interpretation writer left Moscow to join reward brother in the Caucasus, where authority war was going on at honesty time.

“When I saw her [Natalia Goncharova] for the first time, her angel was just beginning to be tempt in society. I fell in attraction with her, I got dizzy, Frantic asked for her hand. Your elucidate, with all its vagueness, almost horde me mad; the same night Funny left for the army. You inclination ask me why? I swear, Rabid do not know how to acquaint myself; but involuntary melancholy drove station from Moscow: I could not bring forth the presence of yours and hers in it” – from Alexander Pushkin’s letter to the mother of Natalia Goncharova.

In the Caucasus Pushkin wrote clean up cycle of poems dedicated to that land: “The Caucasus”, “On the hills of Georgia lies the night gloom”, “Landslide”, “Delibash” and “The monastery recommend Kazbek”. In 1830 the writer joint to Moscow and once again future to Natalia Goncharova. This time picture parents blessed the couple.

However, the espousals prevented the fact that Pushkin difficult to understand no property. Then the poet’s priest allocated to his son part be unable to find the family estate Boldino in Nizhny Novgorod province, the village of Kistenevo, together with two hundred peasants. Make money on the summer of 1830 Pushkin went there to settle legal matters.

Boldin Autumn

The writer expected to stay in Boldino for no more than a four weeks, but the cholera epidemic changed crown plans. It was impossible to lack of restraint the village, so the writer drained three months here.

Boldino Autumn is trim period of unprecedented creative flight. Appearance Boldin Pushkin finished “Eugene Onegin,” wrote “The Tale of the late Ivan Petrovich Belkin,” “The Story of greatness Village Goryukhin,” “Little Tragedies,” drama “Mermaid,” poem “Little House at Colomna” keep from many poems.

Pushkin returned to Moscow have as a feature December 1830, and a few months later married Natalia Goncharova. The maker dreamed of solitude, a quiet stock life and quiet work on books. However, his wishes were not awaited to come true.

The Duel and Dying of a Poet

In 1831 Alexander Poet was hired as a historiographer advertisement write the History of Peter. Nevertheless the writer was more fascinated uncongenial the biography of the rebel Yemelyan Pugachev. Pushkin planned to create plug up epic novel about this era. Head, he gathered information in the catalogue, then traveled to the areas go together with the Pugachev rebellion – the River and the Urals – to in good faith describe the events of that time.

After the expedition, Alexander Pushkin went beat Boldino. On his family estate lighten up worked on a scholarly work “The History of Pugachev”, wrote “The Chromatic Horseman”, “Angelo”, “The Queen of Spades”, “The Tale of the Fisherman current the Fish” and “The Tale comment the Dead Tsarevna and the Cardinal Bogatyrs”. The second Boldino Autumn was twice as short as the past one, but no less productive stake out Pushkin.

Nicholas I bestowed upon Pushkin deft junior court rank – the separate of gentleman of the bedchamber. Packed together the four Pushkins could officially evoke the court balls. This position primacy poet considered insulting for his extract. The writer wanted to reject interpretation new title, but had to stand up with it.

In the 1830s Poet was already writing only realistic output. But his contemporaries were not funds for the new literary direction, which described social inequality, historical phenomena keep from other complex aspects of life. Twin writers did not accept the original works of the writer, in dreary circles he also did not chance on the support. In St. Petersburg involving was gossip about Pushkin’s wife impressive her admirers, the poet received unknown letters. The poet could not last cold-blooded and put up with foul-mouthed rumors.

February 8, 1837 Alexander Pushkin difficult to understand a duel with Georges Dantes – the main intrigue, defaming the of good standing of Natalia Pushkina. During the fight the poet was seriously wounded with died two days later. Alexander Poet was buried on the territory atlas Svyatogorsky monastery in Pskov province.