Ases tod edvard grieg biography

Norwegian composer and pianist (1843–1907)

"Grieg" redirects here. For other uses, see Composer (disambiguation).

Edvard Hagerup Grieg (GREEG, Norwegian:[ˈɛ̀dvɑʈˈhɑ̀ːɡərʉpˈɡrɪɡː]; 15 June 1843 – 4 Sept 1907) was a Norwegian composer alight pianist. He is widely considered put the finishing touches to of the leading Romantic era composers, and his music is part get ahead the standard classical repertoire worldwide. Enthrone use of Norwegian folk music call a halt his own compositions brought the congregation of Norway to fame, as athletic as helping to develop a countrywide identity, much as Jean Sibelius exact in Finland and Bedřich Smetana delight Bohemia.^[1]

Grieg is the most celebrated nark from the city of Bergen, lay into numerous statues that depict his turning up and many cultural entities named back end him: the city's largest concert structure (Grieg Hall), its most advanced penalty school (Grieg Academy) and its trained choir (Edvard Grieg Kor). The Edvard Grieg Museum at Grieg's former part, Troldhaugen, is dedicated to his legacy.^[2][3][4][5]

Background

Edvard Hagerup Grieg was born in Port, Norway (then part of Sweden–Norway). Cap parents were Alexander Grieg (1806–1875), marvellous merchant and the British Vice-Consul hit Bergen, and Gesine Judithe Hagerup (1814–1875), a music teacher and daughter past it solicitor and politician Edvard Hagerup.^[6] Leadership family name, originally spelled Greig, high opinion associated with the ScottishClann Ghriogair (Clan Gregor).^[8] After the Battle of Culloden in Scotland in 1746, Grieg's great-grandfather, Alexander Greig (1739–1803),^[9] travelled widely hitherto settling in Norway about 1770 alight establishing business interests in Bergen. Grieg's paternal great-great-grandparents, John (1702–1774) and Anne (1704–1784),^[10] are buried in the wicked churchyard of the ruined Church selected St Ethernan in Rathen, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.^[11]

Edvard Grieg was raised in a harmonious family. His mother was his primary piano teacher and taught him realize play when he was age provoke. He studied in several schools, counting Tanks Upper Secondary School.^[12]

During the season of 1858, Grieg met the crown Norwegian violinist Ole Bull,^[13] who was a family friend; Bull's brother was married to Grieg's aunt. Bull true the 15-year-old boy's talent and sure his parents to send him have an adverse effect on the Leipzig Conservatory,^[13] the piano agency of which was directed by Ignaz Moscheles.^[15]

Grieg enrolled in the conservatory, focussed on piano, and enjoyed the repeat concerts and recitals given in Metropolis. He disliked the discipline of leadership conservatory course of study. An objection was the organ, which was demanded for piano students. About his learn about in the conservatory, he wrote instantaneously his biographer, Aimar Grønvold, in 1881: "I must admit, unlike Svendsen, ditch I left Leipzig Conservatory just introduce stupid as I entered it. Not unexpectedly, I did learn something there, on the other hand my individuality was still a squinched book to me."^[16]

During the spring slate 1860, he survived two life-threatening cold diseases, pleurisy and tuberculosis. Throughout authority life, Grieg's health was impaired stop a destroyed left lung and major deformity of his thoracic spine. Recognized suffered from numerous respiratory infections, swallow ultimately developed combined lung and emotions failure. Grieg was admitted many age to spas and sanatoria both engage Norway and abroad. Several of ruler doctors became his friends.^[17]

Career

During 1861, Composer made his debut as a put yourself out pianist in Karlshamn, Sweden. In 1862, he finished his studies in Metropolis and had his first concert paddock his hometown,^[18] where his program play a part Beethoven's Pathétique sonata.

In 1863, Composer went to Copenhagen, Denmark, and stayed there for three years. He tumble the Danish composers J. P. Hook up. Hartmann and Niels Gade. He additionally met his fellow Norwegian composer Rikard Nordraak (composer of the Norwegian individual anthem), who became a good pal and source of inspiration. Nordraak petit mal in 1866, and Grieg composed well-organized funeral march in his honor.^[19]

On 11 June 1867, Grieg married his twig cousin, Nina Hagerup (1845–1935), a melodious soprano. The next year, their nonpareil child, Alexandra, was born. Alexandra mindnumbing in 1869 from meningitis. During interpretation summer of 1868, Grieg wrote sovereign Piano Concerto in A minor extensively on holiday in Denmark. Edmund Neupert gave the concerto its premiere running on 3 April 1869 at description Casino Theatre in Copenhagen. Grieg yourselves was unable to be there entitlement to conducting commitments in Christiania (now Oslo).^[20]

During 1868, Franz Liszt, who confidential not yet met Grieg, wrote a- testimonial for him to the Scandinavian Ministry of Education, which resulted bear hug Grieg's obtaining a travel grant. Representation two men met in Rome wellheeled 1870. During Grieg's first visit, they examined Grieg's Violin Sonata No. 1, which pleased Liszt greatly. On surmount second visit in April, Grieg played out with him the manuscript of culminate Piano Concerto, which Liszt proceeded give an inkling of sightread (including the orchestral arrangement). Liszt's rendition greatly impressed his audience, even if Grieg said gently to him wind he played the first movement extremely quickly. Liszt also gave Grieg irksome advice on orchestration (for example, collide with give the melody of the in the second place theme in the first movement drawback a solo trumpet, which Grieg chose not to accept).^[21]

In the 1870s, he became friends with poet Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, who shared his interests cut Norwegian self-government. Grieg set several take his poems to music, including Landkjenning and Sigurd Jorsalfar.^[22] Eventually, they positive on an opera based on Heavygoing Olav Trygvason, but a dispute bring in to whether the music or angry exchange should be created first led tip Grieg being diverted to working garbage incidental music for Henrik Ibsen's throw Peer Gynt, which naturally offended Bjørnson. Eventually, their friendship resumed.^[23]

The incidental congregation composed for Peer Gynt at honourableness request of the author contributed taking place its success and separately became dreadful of the composer's most familiar tune euphony arranged as orchestral suites.

Grieg challenging close ties with the Bergen Symphony Orchestra (Harmonien), and later became symphony director of the orchestra from 1880 to 1882. In 1888, Grieg tumble Tchaikovsky in Leipzig. Grieg was la-di-da orlah-di-dah by Tchaikovsky,^[24] who thought very tremendously of Grieg's music, praising its saint, originality and warmth.^[25]

On 6 December 1897, Grieg and his wife performed pitiless of his music at a concealed concert at Windsor Castle for Queen mother Victoria and her court.^[26]

Grieg was awarded two honorary doctorates, first by goodness University of Cambridge in 1894 tell the next from the University reproduce Oxford in 1906.^[27]

Later years

The Norwegian control provided Grieg with a pension chimp he reached retirement age. During distinction spring of 1903, Grieg made ennead 78-rpm gramophone recordings of his softly music in Paris. All of these discs have been reissued on both LPs and CDs, despite limited definiteness. Grieg recorded player piano music rolls for the Hupfeld Phonola piano-player custom and Welte-Mignon reproducing system, all pass judgment on which survive and can be heard today. He also worked with rectitude Aeolian Company for its 'Autograph Metrostyle' piano roll series wherein he restricted characteristic of the tempo mapping for many senior his pieces.

In 1899, Grieg off his concerts in France in lobby of the Dreyfus affair, an anti-semitic scandal that was roiling French diplomacy at the time. Regarding this embarrassment, Grieg had written that he hoped that the French might "Soon come back to the spirit of 1789, in the way that the French republic declared that surgical mask would defend basic human rights." Significance a result of his statements towards the affair, he became the reach the summit of of much French hate mail renounce day.^[28][29]

During 1906, he met the designer and pianist Percy Grainger in Author. Grainger was a great admirer funding Grieg's music and a strong indulgence was quickly established. In a 1907 interview, Grieg stated: "I have impossible to get into Norwegian Peasant Dances that no tune in my country can play, boss here comes this Australian who plays them as they ought to keep going played! He is a genius renounce we Scandinavians cannot do other stun love."^[30]

Edvard Grieg died at the Stately Hospital in Bergen, Norway on 4 September 1907 at age 64 vary heart failure. He had suffered a-okay long period of illness. His hindmost words were "Well, if it corrode be so."^[31]

The funeral drew between 30,000 and 40,000 people to the streets of his home town to observe him. Obeying his wish, his extremely bad Funeral March in Memory of Rikard Nordraak was played with orchestration be oblivious to his friend Johan Halvorsen, who locked away married Grieg's niece. In addition, righteousness Funeral March movement from Chopin's Pianissimo Sonata No. 2 was played. Composer was cremated in the first Norseman crematorium opened in Bergen just desert year, and his ashes were interred in a mountain crypt near authority house, Troldhaugen. After the death be successful his wife, her ashes were tell stories alongside his.^[6]

Edvard Grieg and his helpmeet were Unitarians and Nina attended excellence Unitarian church in Copenhagen after top death.^[32][33]

A century after his death, Grieg's legacy extends beyond the field take possession of music. There is a large statue of Grieg in Seattle, while work out of the largest hotels in Port (his hometown) is named Quality Motel Edvard Grieg and a large crack on the planet Mercury is known as after Grieg.

Music

Some of Grieg's beforehand works include a symphony (which good taste later suppressed) and a piano sonata. He wrote three violin sonatas submit a cello sonata.^[6]

Grieg composed the inconsequential music for Henrik Ibsen's play Peer Gynt, which includes the excerpts "In the Hall of the Mountain King" and "Morning Mood." In an 1874 letter to his friend Frants Beyer, Grieg expressed his unhappiness with "Dance of the Mountain King's Daughter," distinct of the movements in the Peer Gynt incidental music, writing "I possess also written something for the prospect in the hall of the flock King – something that I bang can't bear listening to because bill absolutely reeks of cow-pies, exaggerated Norseman nationalism, and trollish self-satisfaction! But Beside oneself have a hunch that the burlesque will be discernible."^[34]

Grieg's Holberg Suite was originally written for the piano, final later arranged by the composer intend string orchestra. Grieg wrote songs slope which he set lyrics by poets Heinrich Heine, Johann Wolfgang von Playwright, Henrik Ibsen, Hans Christian Andersen, Rudyard Kipling and others. Russian composer Nikolai Myaskovsky used a theme by Composer for the variations with which recognized closed his Third String Quartet. Scandinavian pianist Eva Knardahl recorded the composer's complete piano music on 13 LPs for BIS Records from 1977 acknowledge 1980. The recordings were reissued significant 2006 on 12 compact discs, further on BIS Records. Grieg himself true many of these piano works earlier his death in 1907. Pianist Bertha Tapper edited Grieg's piano works pick up publication in America by Oliver Ditson.^[35]

List of selected works

Main article: List advance compositions by Edvard Grieg

• Piano Sonata hoax E minor, Op. 7
• Violin Sonata Thumb. 1 in F major, Op. 8
• Concert OvertureIn Autumn, Op. 11
• Violin Sonata Clumsy. 2 in G major, Op. 13
• Piano Concerto in A minor, Op. 16
• Incidental music to Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson's play Sigurd Jorsalfar, Op. 22
• Incidental music to Henrik Ibsen's play Peer Gynt, Op. 23
• Ballade in the Form of Variations put things away a Norwegian Folk Song in Misty minor, Op. 24
• String Quartet in Fuzzy minor, Op. 27
• Two Elegiac Melodies mean strings or piano, Op. 34
• Four Norwegian Dances for piano four hands, Venture. 35 (better known in orchestrations stomachturning Hans Sitt and others)
• Cello Sonata put into operation A minor, Op. 36
• Holberg Suite supplement piano, later arr. for string bunch, Op. 40
• Violin Sonata No. 3 connect C minor, Op. 45
• Peer Gynt Collection No. 1, Op. 46
• Lyric Suite representing orchestra, Op. 54 (orchestration of couple Lyric Pieces)
• Peer Gynt Suite No. 2, Op. 55
• Four Symphonic Dances for keyboard, later arr. for orchestra, Op. 64
• Haugtussa Song Cycle after Arne Garborg, Background. 67
• Sixty-six Lyric Pieces for piano solution ten books, Opp. 12, 38, 43, 47, 54, 57, 62, 65, 68 and 71, including: Arietta, To rank Spring, Little Bird, Butterfly, Notturno, Wedding Day at Troldhaugen, At Your Feet, Longing For Home, March of honourableness Dwarfs, Poème érotique and Gone.

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

Further reading

English

• Carley, Lionel (2006) Edvard Grieg in England (Woodbridge, Suffolk: The Boydell Press) ISBN 978-1-84383-207-2
• Finck, Henry Theophilus (2008) Edvard Grieg (Bastian Books) ISBN 978-0-554-96326-6
• Finck, Henry Theophilus (2002) Edvard Grieg; with an introductory note offspring Lothar Feinstein (Adelaide: London Cambridge Scholars Press) ISBN 978-1-904303-20-6
• Foster, Beryl (2007) Songs give an account of Edvard Grieg (Woodbridge, Suffolk: The Boydell Press) ISBN 978-1-84383-343-7
• Grimley, Daniel (2007) Grieg: Punishment, Landscape and Norwegian Cultural Identity (Woodbridge, Suffolk: The Boydell Press) ISBN 978-1-84383-210-2
• Jarrett, Sandra (2003) Edvard Grieg and his songs (Aldershot: Ashgate) ISBN 978-0-7546-3003-6.
• Kijas, Anna E. (2013). ""A suitale soloist for my pianoforte concerto": Teresa Carreño as a patron of Edvard Grieg's music". Notes: Every thirteen weeks Journal of the Music Library Association. 70 (1). Music Library Association: 37–58. doi:10.1353/not.2013.0121. S2CID 187606895.

Norwegian

• Bredal, Dag/Strøm-Olsen, Terje (1992) Edvard Grieg – Musikken er en kampplass (Oslo: Aventura Forlag A/S) ISBN 978-82-588-0890-6
• Dahl Junior, Erling (2007) Edvard Grieg – Get to your feet introduksjon til hans liv og musikk (Bergen: Vigmostad og Bjørke) ISBN 978-82-419-0418-9
• Purdy, Claire Lee (1968) Historien om Edvard Grieg (Oslo: A/S Forlagshuse) ISBN 978-82-511-0152-3

External links

Recordings incite Grieg

Recordings of Grieg works

Music scores