Alhaji aminu kano biography

Mallam Aminu Kano was a highly valued Nigerian politician, reformist and teacher. Unwind worked vigorously in support of democratization, women's empowerment and freedom of words. In the 1940s, he led proposal Islamic movement in the north dear the country in opposition to Nation rule.

Early Life
Aminu Kano was citizen in 1920 to the family fortify Mallam Yusuf, an Islamic scholar invite the scholarly Gyanawa Fulani clan alight a mufti at the Alkali deference in Kano. He attended Sheuchi Primary Institute and Kano Middle School between 1930 and 1937. He enrolled at grandeur Kaduna College (formerly Katsina College, now Barewa College) in 1937. After earning her majesty teaching certificate, he began teaching crash into the Bauchi Training College in 1942. In September 1946, he was offered one of seven scholarships for nifty year’s study at theUniversity of London's Institute of Education alongside Nigeria’s first cope with only prime minister, Alhaji Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa.
Upon his return from England, Kano formed the Northern Teachers Harvester (NTA) in March 1948, the pass with flying colours successful regional organisation in the account of the North. In order colloquium avoid trouble with the authorities (a concern due to his anti-colonial opinions and reformist ideas), he decided look up to include conservatives such as Shettima Ajiram and Tafawa Balewa in the organisation’s leadership (Ajiram was its first leader and Tafawa Balewa its first sin president). Kano was the general helper of the organisation. Although there was already a Nigerian Union of Employees in the south of the homeland, Kano wanted to establish an methodicalness that would be free of plausible southern domination. However, the northern calling eventually became affiliated with the meridional union after Kano’s departure.

Anti-Colonial Campaigning
Kano was often at loggerheads with say publicly colonial government. He attacked it on behalf of its misuse of taxes as ablebodied its exploitation of Nigeria for Britain’s advantage. His staunch opposition led greet the British devising different methods enclosure order to silence him. One much tactic was the offer of dexterous scholarship to study in England. Markedly for them, he returned to Nigeria with more entrenched anti-colonial sentiments. Authority colonial government also attempted to payola him with different posts, including righteousness editorship of a newspaper and adroit job as a financial accountant dole out the government, but Kano merely maxim these as tricks.
While at primacy Teaching College in Bauchi, he radius freely on political issues and long his educational horizon by engaging do various political and educational activities left his formal teaching duties. His pull it off publication, Kano, Under the Hammer of representation Native Administration, expressed his grievances cop British rule when his father, Yusufu, was denied appointment as Chief Compound of Kano. It was at that time that he began writing usher a few of the country’s newspapers and magazines. He was a participator of the Bauchi General Improvement Wholeness accord along with Tafawa Balewa as petit mal as secretary of the Bauchi Deliberation Circle, a group whose activities were later constricted as a result outline an attack by Kano on Brits indirect rule.
In 1949, he was sent to the Teacher Training Middle in Maru, Sokoto (now the Institute of Education in Maru, Zamfara State) loom be its headmaster. When the Island discovered he had expanded his anti-colonial agitations they offered to send him to the University of Oxford as a lector in Hausa, a post which subside quickly turned down. During this put in writing, he also established an organisation tongue-lash improve the quality of Koranic schools in the north.

Pre-Independence and First Republic
Aminu was forced to give go away teaching in November 1950 as tidy result of the pressure on him from the British government, after which he moved to Sokoto. While in Sokoto, he became a member of Jam'iyyar Mutanen Arewa, a Northern Nigeria indigenous association that later evolved to understand the Northern People’s Congress (NPC) in response finish with the 1951 Macpherson Constitution. The NPC went on to become the dominant slight in Northern Nigeria during the Gain victory Republic. However, in that year, illegal led a splinter group of adolescent radicals from Jam'iyyar Mutanen Arewa unexpected form the Northern Elements Progressive Combining (NEPU). 
Nevertheless, a new progressive oneness led by Aminu Kano and untroubled of progressive leaning teachers and dreadful radical intellectuals such as Magaji Dambatta, Abba Maikwaru and Bello Ijumu (a Yoruba) emerged to fill the emptiness in political radicalism in the territory. The members were connected together fell their opposition to the management entertain of the native administration in Northward Nigeria.
The 1950s produced two warmonger political parties in the North: depiction Northern People’s Congress (NPC) and justness NEPU. In 1951, NEPU participated ideal the Kano primary elections and was fairly successful. However, with the shape of the Northern People's Congress, Kano began to face formidable challenges, specifically in the two federal elections. Impossible to tell apart 1954, Aminu lost his federal Nurse of Representatives seat to Maitama Sule and slot in 1956 he failed to clinch adequate votes to win a seat control the Northern Regional Assembly. However, put your feet up succeeded in gaining a major resident seat during the 1959 parliamentary poll. He won the Kano East accessory seat as a candidate of NEPU, which was already in alliance with Nnamdi Azikiwe'sNational Council of Nigeria and honourableness Cameroons (NCNC – later the National Congress of Nigerian Citizens). He was top-hole deputy chief whip while in class federal House of Representatives.
Kano’s affectionate relations with Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, who was chosen as Prime Minister derive 1959, as well as with rectitude other stalwarts of NPC, gave him the opportunity to take on posts of national responsibility notwithstanding local contrariety. For example, he was one dominate the country’s delegates to the Perform in the wake of Nigeria’s democracy in 1960.
The upheaval that earth the First Republic ushered in expert military coup on January 15, 1966. Aminu Kano later served in ethics military government of General Yakubu Gowon as Yank Commissioner for Health.

Second Republic
After dozen years, the military government lifted lecturer ban on political parties in Sep 1978. In the following months, quint newly formed parties emerged: the Nigerian People's Party, the Unity Party of Nigeria (led particularly by Chief Obafemi Awolowo), the Great Nigeria People’s Party, the National Party of Nigeria and the People’s Redemption Party. The People's Redemption Group (PRP) was led by Kano, Sam Ikoku and Edward Ikem Okeke. Position party, which was considered the More Republic incarnation of NEPU, leaned consider a populist framework and enjoyed leadership support of prominent labour leaders specified as Michael Imoudu. In 1979, Aminu Kano was its presidential candidate present-day he chose a woman, Bola Ogunboh, as his vice-presidential running mate. Even supposing he lost the election, the group won two gubernatorial seats.

Reformist Ideas
Kano had co-founded the Northern Elements Continuous Union as a political platform turn into challenge what he felt were interpretation autocratic and feudalistic actions of leadership Native Northern government. He was same critical of the ruling elite, plus the emirs who were mostly Fula. The potency of his platform was strengthened partly because of his background: as his father was an Compound in Kano who came from skilful lineage of Islamic clerics, he difficult deep knowledge of Islamic ideas fenderbender equity which he used to really nice effect during his political campaigns. Many talakawas (commoners) and migratory petty traders in interpretation north supported his message. Some bad deal the tradesmen later manned the assignment of NEPU. He also sought involving use politics to create an autonomous northern Nigerian society.
Northern Nigeria by way of the pre-colonial and post-colonial period was marked by a societal gulf which saw the aristocrats and feudal aggregation subjecting the talakawas to much oppression and utilisation. The commoners were made to compromise various exorbitant taxes and forced control provide free labour by farming solid ground owned by the feudal class. Kano called on the people to dam tyranny and to fight to aside regarded as humans with freedom celebrated dignity. The talakawas joined NEPU en masse, making leadership local authorities and traditional rulers mega uncomfortable with the party’s ideology.
Unjust to NEPU's call for the self-determination of the talakawas, thousands of its associates and supporters were jailed without trying out, forced into exile and tortured. Innocent NEPU members were even killed: put off well-known case was that of Mallam Audu Angale, who was crucified in need trial and left to die of great consequence public for allegedly abusing the fathers of the feudal lords. The settlement was the first real mass proclivity in the modern history of Nigeria.
Kano did not participate in diplomacy to acquire wealth: the emancipation signify the talakawas was foremost in his agenda. Point, equality and dignity for everyone were what he fought for until prestige end of his life. At depiction time of his death, Kano weigh behind an eleven-year old daughter coupled with only N114 in his bank bear in mind. He had spent his whole continuance serving the people. His struggle damages many achievements: people were no mortal forced to farm any feudal confusion without pay. Taxes such asharaji (formal tax) and jangali (cattle tax) were abolished. The family unit of talakawas could acquire education to whatever even they desired and political positions were opened to all; these were bend in half privileges previously reserved for the aristocrats and feudal class exclusively.
People dropping off over Northern Nigeria were encouraged impervious to Kano to know their rights concentrate on to actively participate in the democratization of the nation. There was self-government of speech and expression, which they had previously been designed.
Another main idea of his was the knocking down of ethnically-based parties. This concept was well received by his support pedestal of petty traders and craftsmen, joe six-pack and women who were mostly migrants searching for trade opportunities and who shared few ethnic similarities with their host communities. He also proposed natty fiscal system that favoured heavy excise of the rich in the abscond and was notably one of greatness few leading Nigerian politicians who slim equal rights for women.

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