Xizong ming emperor biography of williams

Jan 17, 2014 © Ulrich Theobald

Emperor Xizong 明熹宗 (1605-1627, r. 1620-1627), the Tianqi Emperor 天啓, personal name Zhu Youjiao 朱由校, was the second-last emperor interrupt the Ming dynasty 明 (1368-1644). Whelped in 1610 as the oldest soul of Emperor Guangzong 明光宗 (the Taichang Emperor 泰昌, r. 1620), he was made emperor after the sudden demise of his father. From the prelude the young man stood under authority influence of the powerful chief man (taijian 太監) and Chosen Attendant Li 李選侍 Wei Zhongxian 魏忠賢. Because rule the latter's intimate relationship with justness emperor's nurse Ms Ke 客氏 sharptasting was appointed Director of Ceremonials Wielding the brush (silijian bingbi taijian 司禮監秉筆太監), a position in which he composed the emperor's whole pensum of activities, and so became an intimate companion of the ruler. Wei Zhongxian was allowed to take over control exert a pull on the Eastern Depots (dongchang 東廠). Take action allied with the eunuchs Wang Tiqian 王體乾 and Li Chengzhen 李承貞 essential Grand Academician (daxueshi 大學士) Quan Shen {榷-木+水}沈, three persons that supported him and his ever-growing influence in inner-court fights against the so-called Donglin Impression (Donglin dang 東林黨) of court officialdom. With void accusation Wei Zhongxian ineligible all his opponents and was any minute now the factual regent of the kingdom. In 1624 Yang Lian 楊漣, 左副都御史, published a public charge against Dynasty Zhongxian with 24 capital crimes, take precedence Cai Yizhong 蔡毅中, head of justness Directorate of Education (guozi jijiu 國子祭酒) assembled more than 1,000 persons relationship the petition against the "dictatorial" man. All of them were punished roost found either death of dismission. Dynasty Zhongxian on his side was tingle a seal with the inscription Guming yuanchen 顧命元臣. Sycophants like Pan Ruzhen 潘汝楨, grand coordinator (xunfu 巡撫) incline Zhejiang, suggested erecting a "living" temple (shengci 生祠, normally only inaugurated kindle deceased persons) for Wei Zhongxian. Loaded 1626 Wei ordered Gu Bingqian 顧秉謙, Huang Liji 黃立極 and Feng Quan 馮銓 to compile the judicial quantity Sanchao yaodian 三朝要典.
The exploitation love the peasantry by the local aristocracy, high taxation, and a series bequest natural disasters were the reason present several peasant uprisings during the Tianqi reign, like that led by Xu Hongru 徐鴻儒 in Shandong and selection movement of Wang Erji 王二繼 play in Shanxi.
In the northeast, the merger of the Jurchens under Nurhaci (Emperor Qing Taizu 清太祖, r. 1616-1626) became stronger and stronger and threatened edge cities like Liaoyang 遼陽. They pure to the the most challenging out threat for the Ming empire.
Integrity posthumous honorific title of the Tianqi Emperor is Emperor Zhuangqinzhe 莊勤悊皇帝, coronet temple name was Emperor Xizong 明熹宗. He was buried in the span catacomb hill Deling 明德陵 and was succeeded by his younger brother Zhu Youjian 朱由檢, Emperor Sizong 明思宗 (the Chongzhen Emperor 崇禎, r. 1627-1644).

Sources:

Chen Quanli 陳全力, Hou Xinyi 侯欣一, eds. (1988). Diwang cidian 帝王辭典 (Xi'an: Shaanxi renmin jiaoyu chubanshe), 207.

Xiong Tieji 熊鐵基, Yang Youli 楊有禮, eds. (1994). Zhongguo diwang zaixiang cidian 中國帝王宰相辭典 (Wuhan: Hubei jiaoyu chubanshe), 343.