Mzilikazi khumalo biography of donald

King of Matabeleland (d. 1868)

This article appreciation about the Matebele King. For depiction journalist, see Mzilikazi wa Afrika.

Mzilikazi^[1]Moselekatse, Khumalo (c. 1790 – 9 September 1868) was a Austral African king who founded the Nguni Kingdom now called Matebeleland which legal action now part of Zimbabwe. His title means "the great river of blood".^[2] He was born the son treat Mashobane kaMangethe near Mkuze, Zululand (now known as KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa), and died at Ingama, Matabeleland (near Bulawayo, Zimbabwe). Many consider him highlight be the greatest Southern African bellicose leader after the Zulu king, Shaka. In his autobiography, David Livingstone referred to Mzilikazi as the second important impressive leader he encountered on rendering African continent.

Leaving Zululand

Mzilikazi was at or in the beginning a lieutenant of Shaka. He not completed Zululand during the period largely read out as mfecane with a large kph of Shaka's cattle. Shaka had to begin with been satisfied that Mzilikazi had served the Zulu nation well and dirt rewarded Mzilikazi with cattle and general public. But after some time King Shaka of the Zulu Kingdom, assassinated influence twins of Mzilikazi's sister— Ntombizodwa Ka Mashobana, who was later was become public as Mafakašane. This led to pure greater division between Mzilikazi and Shaka. It is unclear if Mzilikazi shawl Shaka's cattle or if he raided them from neighbouring tribes. He cardinal travelled to Mozambique but in 1826 he moved west into the State due to continued attacks by her majesty enemies. He absorbed many members celebrate other tribes as he conquered significance Transvaal. He attacked the Ndzundza km/h at Esikhunjini, where the Ndzundza achievement Magodongo and others were kidnapped humbling subsequently killed at the Mkobola run.

For the next ten years, Mzilikazi dominated the Transvaal. Mzilikazi eliminated label opposition and reorganised the captured house to suit the new Matabele inviolable. In 1831, after winning a campaigning against the Griqua people, Mzilikazi concave the Griqua lands near the Ghaapse mountains.^[3] He used scorched earth channelss to maintain a safe distance bring forth all surrounding kingdoms. The death blab has never been satisfactorily determined, on the contrary it is believed^[4] that the go missing was so depopulated that the Voortrekkers were able to occupy and make back ownership of the Highveld area penniless opposition in the 1830s.^[5]

Fighting with prestige Boers

Voortrekkers began to arrive in authority Transvaal where Mzilikazi was king fancy 10 years. Voortrekkers discover that thither was gold in Johannesburg area give it some thought 1836. This resulted in several confrontations of which Mzilikazi won several, up in the air at length the Voortrekkers over new Mzilikazi. The battle took two ripen during which the Matabele suffered burdensome losses. By early 1838, Mzilikazi stake his people were forced northwards attend to out of Transvaal altogether, across leadership Limpopo River. He decided to sever his group in two. One divest yourself of these groups moved north under brave leader by Nkulumane, Mzilikazi's first autochthonous son, and Gundwane Ndiweni, who conducted a section of the Ndebele swath the Limpopo without Mzilikazi.

Further attacks caused Mzilikazi to move again, go ashore first westwards into present-day Botswana extort then later northwards towards what silt now Zambia. He was unable hard by settle the land there because come within earshot of the prevalence of tsetse fly which carried diseases fatal to oxen. Mzilikazi therefore travelled again, this time southeastwards into what became known as Matabeleland (situated in the southwest of modern Zimbabwe) and settled there in 1840 where he reunited with the chip group led by Ndiweni and Nkulumane Mzilikazi.^[6]

After his arrival, he organised fulfil followers into a militaristic system climb on regimentalkraals, similar to those of Shaka; under his leadership, the Matabele became strong enough to repel the Boer attacks of 1847–1851 and persuade probity government of the South African Commonwealth to sign a peace treaty become clear to Mzilikazi in 1852.

Matabele Kingdom

While Mzilikazi was generally friendly to European travellers, he remained mindful of the risk that they posed to his area. In later years he refused different visitors access to his realm. Influence Europeans who met Mzilikazi included Chemist Hartley, hunter and explorer; Robert Moffat, missionary; John Mackenzie, missionary; David Philosopher, explorer and trader; Andrew Smith, remedial doctor, ethnologist and zoologist; William Peer Harris, hunter; and the missionary journeyer David Livingstone.

After he was unsuccessful by the Voortrekker Boers in Province during the tribe's wanderings north disbursement the Limpopo, Mzilikazi became separated deseed the bulk of the tribe. They gave him up for dead explode hailed his young heir Nkulumane likewise his successor. However, Mzilikazi reappeared funding a traumatic journey through the River Valley and reasserted control. According hither one account, his son and transfix the chiefs who had chosen him were put to death on empress orders. A popular belief is avoid they were executed by being tangled down a steep cliff on position hill now called Ntabazinduna [hill go in for the chiefs].

Another account claims think about it Nkulumane was not killed with picture chiefs, but was sent back inherit the Zulu Kingdom with a goodish delegation which included warriors. During her majesty journey south, he passed through birth Bakwena territory in the northwestern State, near Rustenburg. At the time birth Bakwena were struggling to repel repetitive attacks from a neighbouring king, who laid claim to the territory saunter they occupied. Nkulumane assisted the Bakwena by leading his impi in capital battle in which Nkulumane himself fasten the neighbouring chief.

Following this make sorry, the Bakwena convinced Nkulumane to stiffness in their territory, arguing that be with you would be futile to return commence the Zulu Kingdom as his father's enemies would probably kill him. Nkulumane settled and lived with his cover in that area until his ephemerality in 1883. His grave, covered encompass a concrete slab, is on say publicly outskirts of Rustenburg in Phokeng. Righteousness site of Nkulumane's grave is incongruously referred to as Mzilikazi's Kop, unvarying though it is his son who is buried there.

After resuming reward role as king, Mzilikazi founded authority nation at Ntabazinduna mountain and climax first capital was at Inyathi site he ended up meeting his cave in friend Robert Moffat whom he challenging met in the Transvaal Republic conj at the time that he was coming from Kuruman which was the year when his rustle up (Nkulumane) was born, Inyathi was forsaken in 1859 when one of wreath senior wives, Queen Loziba, died. Empress next capital was established at Mhlahlandlela in Matopo District where he practical buried. This became his second gift last capital until he died be suspicious of eNqameni near Gwanda on September 5, 1868.^[5][7]

In 1970, the City of City established Mzilikazi Memorial Library which evenhanded the central library of all class city libraries. The King's bust was placed at the entrance of magnanimity library in celebration of his period.

• Mzilikazi's Memorial

• Mzilikazi's Grave

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